Table 2.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the participants in the cohort
| Variables | Value |
|---|---|
| Gender, male/female, n (%) | 42(67.7)/20(32.3) |
| Age (yr) | 53.4 ± 12.49 |
| Race, n (%) | |
| White | 38 (61.3) |
| African American | 19 (30.6) |
| Asian | 4 (6.5) |
| American Indian | 1 (1.6) |
| Type of DM, I/II, n (%) | 6(9.7)/56(90.3) |
| Duration of DM (yr) | 15.68 ± 11.14 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 12 (19.4) |
| Family history of CKD, n (%) | 10 (16.1) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.05 ± 7.53 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 140.94 ± 22.17 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 76.61 ± 12.48 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 32.79 ± 16.88 |
| UPCR (mg/g), median (IQR) | 4,640 (7,250) |
| HbA1C, n (%) | 7.87 ± 1.81 |
| Biopsy indications, n (%) | |
| Unusual degree of proteinuria | 38 (61.3) |
| Unusual urinary findings | 9 (14.5) |
| Rapid loss of renal function | 13 (21) |
| Suspicion of non-DKD | 2 (3.2) |
| Medication history, n (%) | |
| Insulin | 39 (62.9) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 35 (56.4) |
| Statins | 46 (74.2) |
| ACEi | 21 (33.9) |
| ARB | 17 (27.4) |
| B-blockers | 29 (46.8) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 33 (53.2) |
ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1C, hemoglobin A1C; IQR, interquartile range; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UPCR, urine protein to creatinine ratio.