Table 2.

Deviations between the planned and actually achieved implant positions

	Test group N = 20			Comparison group N = 48			Group comparison p value
	Mean (SD)	95% CI	Min–max	Mean (SD)	95% CI	Min–max
Deviation at implant shoulder (mm)
3D	0.94 (0.53)	0.69–1.19	0.15–2.15	0.66 (0.30)	0.58–0.75	0.18–1.66	0.024a
Mesiodistal	0.27 (0.25)	0.15–0.39	0.04–1.00
Buccolingual	0.42 (0.33)	0.26–0.57	0.01–1.11
Apicocoronal	0.68 (0.55)	0.43–0.95	0.01–1.92	0.28 (0.27)	0.20–0.36)	0.00–1.40	0.002a
Deviation at implant apex (mm)
3D	1.36 (0.62)	1.05–1.64	0.31–2.92	1.36 (0.65)	1.17–1.55	0.26–3.50	0.682
Mesiodistal	0.67 (0.53)	0.43–0.92	0.07–2.00
Buccolingual	0.74 (0.56)	0.47–1.00	0.06–1.87
Apicocoronal	0.67 (0.51)	0.43–0.91	0.10–2.06
Angular deviation (degree)	4.1 (2.3)	3.0–5.2	0.4–10.0	4.0 (2.1)	3.4–4.6	0.4–11.1	0.916

Group comparison between the test and comparison group using the Mann-Whitney U test with a p value < 0.05 (bold with ^a)