TABLE 5.
Item parameters accounting for differential item functioning by Gender in subscale of victimization and aggression of the OBVQ-R.
| Questions | Gender | n | Mean | Median | [Q1-Q3] | *SD | Kurtosis | Skewness | Alpha | Beta1 | Beta2 |
| Victimization | |||||||||||
| 1. I was called mean names, was made fun of, or teased in a hurtful way. | Boys | 1188 | 0.56 | 0 | [0 - 1] | 1.07 | 6.48 | 2.09 | 2.27 | 0.73 | 1.43 |
| Girl | 1577 | 0.43 | 0 | [0 - 1] | 0.92 | 9.40 | 2.59 | 1.90 | 0.89 | 1.86 | |
| 2. Other students left me out of things on purpose, excluded from their group of friends, or completely ignored me. | Boys | 1183 | 0.30 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.77 | 13.38 | 3.18 | 1.86 | 1.26 | 2.09 |
| Girl | 1577 | 0.36 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.78 | 11.85 | 2.84 | 1.81 | 0.96 | 2.23 | |
| 3. I was hit, kicked, pushed, shoved around, or locked indoors. | Boys | 1182 | 0.17 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.58 | 24.42 | 4.39 | 2.15 | 1.61 | 2.36 |
| Girl | 1573 | 0.10 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.46 | 42.13 | 5.84 | 2.02 | 1.97 | 2.93 | |
| 4. Other students told lies or spread rumors about me and tried to make others dislike me. | Boys | 1180 | 0.33 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.79 | 12.15 | 2.97 | 1.85 | 1.14 | 2.05 |
| Girl | 1577 | 0.44 | 0 | [0 - 1] | 0.87 | 9.64 | 2.53 | 1.95 | 0.76 | 1.88 | |
| 5. I had money or things taken away from me or damaged. | Boys | 1181 | 0.20 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.61 | 19.50 | 3.88 | 1.73 | 1.65 | 2.54 |
| Girl | 1578 | 0.16 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.53 | 23.79 | 4.21 | 1.63 | 1.74 | 2.89 | |
| 6. I was threatened or forced to do things I didn’t want to do. | Boys | 1182 | 0.18 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.60 | 23.32 | 4.31 | 2.19 | 1.60 | 2.31 |
| Girl | 1577 | 0.13 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.54 | 34.70 | 5.37 | 2.13 | 1.81 | 2.62 | |
| 7. I was bullied with mean names or comments about my race or color. | Boys | 1181 | 0.20 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.68 | 20.30 | 4.08 | 1.74 | 1.75 | 2.47 |
| Girl | 1577 | 0.13 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.49 | 34.91 | 5.17 | 1.52 | 2.03 | 3.19 | |
| 8. I was bullied with mean names, comments, or gestures with a sexual meaning. | Boys | 1178 | 0.23 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.75 | 17.63 | 3.82 | 2.08 | 1.56 | 2.08 |
| Girl | 1574 | 0.15 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.57 | 31.08 | 5.05 | 1.68 | 1.92 | 2.83 | |
| 9. I was bullied with cruel messages or hurtful photographs using a cellphone or Internet. | Boys | 1179 | 0.09 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.42 | 46.27 | 6.11 | 1.67 | 2.25 | 3.13 |
| Girl | 1569 | 0.08 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.38 | 51.38 | 6.26 | 1.66 | 2.28 | 3.30 | |
| 10. I was bullied in other forms that weren’t mentioned. | Boys | 1176 | 0.22 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.72 | 17.86 | 3.81 | 2.56 | 1.45 | 1.96 |
| Girl | 1570 | 0.18 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.61 | 23.61 | 4.30 | 2.19 | 1.53 | 2.34 | |
| Aggression | |||||||||||
| 1. I called another student(s) mean names, made fun of, or teased him/her in a hurtful way. | Boys | 1177 | 0.33 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.71 | 12.58 | 2.87 | 1.90 | 1.02 | 2.16 |
| Girl | 1567 | 0.20 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.58 | 19.82 | 3.77 | 2.52 | 1.31 | 2.22 | |
| 2. I kept him/her out of things on purpose, excluded him or her from my group of friends, or completely ignored him or her. | Boys | 1174 | 0.16 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.53 | 27.77 | 4.54 | 2.11 | 1.58 | 2.55 |
| Girl | 1567 | 0.18 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.55 | 24.47 | 4.21 | 1.51 | 1.69 | 3.06 | |
| 3. I hit, kicked, pushed, and shoved him or her around or locked him or her indoors. | Boys | 1173 | 0.12 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.48 | 33.50 | 5.09 | 2.48 | 1.72 | 2.38 |
| Girl | 1565 | 0.06 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.34 | 61.92 | 7.02 | 2.24 | 2.17 | 2.89 | |
| 4. I spread false rumors about him/her and tried to make others dislike him/her. | Boys | 1171 | 0.07 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.36 | 54.93 | 6.51 | 2.54 | 1.97 | 2.75 |
| Girl | 1563 | 0.08 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.39 | 57.47 | 6.80 | 1.98 | 2.18 | 3.02 | |
| 5. I took money or things from him or her or damaged his/her belongings. | Boys | 1171 | 0.06 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.31 | 52.40 | 6.40 | 1.91 | 2.35 | 3.12 |
| Girl | 1566 | 0.04 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.25 | 108.72 | 9.08 | 1.73 | 2.74 | 3.82 | |
| 6. I threatened or forced him/her to do things he/she didn’t want to do. | Boys | 1170 | 0.04 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.29 | 108.35 | 9.40 | 2.11 | 2.49 | 3.22 |
| Girl | 1564 | 0.03 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.25 | 151.21 | 11.32 | 2.46 | 2.58 | 3.22 | |
| 7. I bullied him/her with mean names or comments about his/her race or color. | Boys | 1169 | 0.12 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.45 | 35.95 | 5.19 | 1.62 | 2.04 | 3.19 |
| Girl | 1564 | 0.06 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.32 | 64.16 | 7.06 | 2.38 | 2.17 | 2.88 | |
| 8. I bullied him/her with mean names, comments, or gestures with sexual meaning. | Boys | 1168 | 0.07 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.34 | 46.52 | 5.98 | 1.65 | 2.38 | 3.43 |
| Girl | 1562 | 0.02 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.18 | 101.41 | 9.07 | 2.23 | 2.68 | 3.67 | |
| 9. I bullied him/hers with cruel messages or hurtful photographs using a cellphone or Internet. | Boys | 1164 | 0.05 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.33 | 88.08 | 8.63 | 2.57 | 2.28 | 2.91 |
| Girl | 1557 | 0.04 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.25 | 112.13 | 9.25 | 1.73 | 2.76 | 3.79 | |
| 10. I bullied others using other forms that weren’t mentioned. | Boys | 1165 | 0.08 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.39 | 56.16 | 6.62 | 2.17 | 2.10 | 2.92 |
| Girl | 1546 | 0.07 | 0 | [0 - 0] | 0.32 | 61.38 | 6.70 | 2.27 | 2.07 | 3.03 | |
*SD, Standard Deviation.