TABLE 6.
Item parameters accounting for differential item functioning by ses in subscale of victimization and aggression of the OBVQ-R.
| Questions | SES | n | Mean | Median | [Q1-Q3] | *SD | Kurtosis | Skewness | Alpha | Beta1 | Beta2 |
| Victimization | |||||||||||
| 1. I was called mean names, was made fun of, or teased in a hurtful way. | Low | 767 | 0.80 | 0 | [0 – 1] | 1.27 | 4.15 | 1.56 | 2.05 | 0.41 | 1.17 |
| Medium | 966 | 0.40 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.88 | 10.18 | 2.69 | 2.05 | 0.91 | 1.83 | |
| High | 1029 | 0.33 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.77 | 11.74 | 2.89 | 1.98 | 1.08 | 2.01 | |
| 2. Other students left me out of things on purpose, excluded from their group of friends, or completely ignored me. | Low | 763 | 0.41 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.93 | 9.29 | 2.61 | 2.11 | 0.97 | 1.72 |
| Medium | 961 | 0.30 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.70 | 14.26 | 3.13 | 1.45 | 1.23 | 2.76 | |
| High | 1032 | 0.30 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.71 | 13.38 | 3.04 | 1.94 | 1.08 | 2.20 | |
| 3. I was hit, kicked, pushed, shoved around, or locked indoors. | Low | 759 | 0.24 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.74 | 16.26 | 3.62 | 2.07 | 1.44 | 2.13 |
| Medium | 961 | 0.11 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.43 | 36.39 | 5.22 | 1.66 | 2.02 | 3.20 | |
| High | 1031 | 0.07 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.34 | 60.15 | 6.77 | 2.42 | 2.00 | 2.92 | |
| 4. Other students told lies or spread rumors about me and tried to make others dislike me. | Low | 765 | 0.52 | 0 | [0 – 1] | 1.02 | 7.10 | 2.20 | 2.05 | 0.79 | 1.52 |
| Medium | 961 | 0.40 | 0 | [0 – 1] | 0.80 | 10.72 | 2.64 | 1.71 | 0.86 | 2.13 | |
| High | 1027 | 0.30 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.70 | 14.86 | 3.20 | 1.71 | 1.14 | 2.43 | |
| 5. I had money or things taken away from me or damaged. | Low | 765 | 0.24 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.68 | 14.93 | 3.38 | 2.10 | 1.40 | 2.14 |
| Medium | 960 | 0.16 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.54 | 26.34 | 4.49 | 1.62 | 1.82 | 2.86 | |
| High | 1030 | 0.15 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.50 | 25.70 | 4.34 | 1.38 | 1.95 | 3.37 | |
| 6. I was threatened or forced to do things I didn’t want to do. | Low | 763 | 0.23 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.75 | 18.07 | 3.88 | 2.54 | 1.45 | 2.00 |
| Medium | 960 | 0.13 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.51 | 33.57 | 5.18 | 2.16 | 1.78 | 2.60 | |
| High | 1032 | 0.11 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.45 | 37.33 | 5.36 | 1.88 | 1.92 | 2.88 | |
| 7. I was bullied with mean names or comments about my race or color. | Low | 764 | 0.28 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.80 | 14.17 | 3.34 | 1.74 | 1.44 | 2.15 |
| Medium | 961 | 0.14 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.54 | 31.58 | 5.04 | 1.39 | 2.18 | 3.30 | |
| High | 1029 | 0.09 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.38 | 47.59 | 5.93 | 1.55 | 2.24 | 3.56 | |
| 8. I was bullied with mean names, comments, or gestures with a sexual meaning. | Low | 760 | 0.22 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.75 | 18.73 | 3.98 | 1.51 | 1.84 | 2.51 |
| Medium | 958 | 0.18 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.63 | 24.72 | 4.50 | 2.34 | 1.56 | 2.29 | |
| High | 1030 | 0.16 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.60 | 27.05 | 4.70 | 2.02 | 1.76 | 2.40 | |
| 9. I was bullied with cruel messages or hurtful photographs using a cellphone or Internet. | Low | 757 | 0.12 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.51 | 36.70 | 5.52 | 1.99 | 1.97 | 2.65 |
| Medium | 958 | 0.08 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.35 | 51.26 | 6.16 | 1.44 | 2.46 | 3.73 | |
| High | 1029 | 0.07 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.34 | 54.02 | 6.41 | 1.61 | 2.40 | 3.41 | |
| 10. I was bullied in other forms that weren’t mentioned. | Low | 757 | 0.28 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.82 | 14.16 | 3.38 | 2.53 | 1.33 | 1.82 |
| Medium | 957 | 0.16 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.55 | 26.00 | 4.47 | 2.47 | 1.53 | 2.29 | |
| High | 1028 | 0.18 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.62 | 23.40 | 4.33 | 2.27 | 1.55 | 2.30 | |
| Aggression | |||||||||||
| 1. I called another student(s) mean names, made fun of, or teased him/her in a hurtful way | Low | 759 | 0.45 | 0 | [0 – 1] | 0.85 | 9.06 | 2.39 | 2.22 | 0.70 | 1.69 |
| Medium | 953 | 0.20 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.57 | 19.88 | 3.73 | 2.13 | 1.35 | 2.43 | |
| High | 1028 | 0.16 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.48 | 22.12 | 3.90 | 1.81 | 1.60 | 2.86 | |
| 2. I kept him/her out of things on purpose, excluded him or her from my group of friends, or completely ignored him or her. | Low | 757 | 0.22 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.66 | 18.98 | 3.83 | 2.06 | 1.44 | 2.22 |
| Medium | 951 | 0.17 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.56 | 28.31 | 4.62 | 1.62 | 1.73 | 2.95 | |
| High | 1029 | 0.14 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.42 | 21.40 | 3.74 | 1.56 | 1.75 | 3.49 | |
| 3. I hit, kicked, pushed, and shoved him or her around or locked him or her indoors. | Low | 755 | 0.18 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.58 | 19.77 | 3.86 | 2.39 | 1.49 | 2.08 |
| Medium | 951 | 0.06 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.35 | 74.81 | 7.74 | 2.39 | 2.16 | 2.85 | |
| High | 1028 | 0.04 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.26 | 94.66 | 8.46 | 2.00 | 2.44 | 3.61 | |
| 4. I spread false rumors about him/her and tried to make others dislike him/her. | Low | 753 | 0.13 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.53 | 32.23 | 5.11 | 2.88 | 1.65 | 2.19 |
| Medium | 948 | 0.06 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.31 | 59.39 | 6.76 | 2.06 | 2.24 | 3.14 | |
| High | 1029 | 0.05 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.29 | 91.43 | 8.28 | 1.37 | 2.92 | 4.56 | |
| 5. I took money or things from him or her or damaged his/her belongings. | Low | 754 | 0.06 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.34 | 65.23 | 7.19 | 1.95 | 2.32 | 3.03 |
| Medium | 951 | 0.04 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.25 | 106.38 | 9.20 | 1.59 | 3.00 | 3.82 | |
| High | 1028 | 0.05 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.25 | 45.80 | 6.06 | 2.48 | 2.16 | 3.16 | |
| 6. I threatened or forced him/her to do things he/she didn’t want to do. | Low | 753 | 0.04 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.33 | 96.12 | 9.20 | 3.18 | 2.25 | 2.57 |
| Medium | 949 | 0.04 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.30 | 117.47 | 0.06 | 3.35 | 2.27 | 2.70 | |
| High | 1028 | 0.03 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.17 | 103.67 | 8.70 | 1.58 | 3.07 | 5.25 | |
| 7. I bullied him/her with mean names or comments about his/her race or color. | Low | 752 | 0.16 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.50 | 23.43 | 4.07 | 2.21 | 1.51 | 2.51 |
| Medium | 950 | 0.07 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.34 | 64.54 | 6.93 | 1.46 | 2.55 | 3.76 | |
| High | 1027 | 0.04 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.30 | 93.62 | 8.91 | 1.82 | 2.83 | 3.36 | |
| 8. I bullied him/her with mean names, comments, or gestures with sexual meaning. | Low | 751 | 0.07 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.31 | 44.14 | 5.89 | 2.12 | 2.15 | 3.18 |
| Medium | 949 | 0.03 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.20 | 54.89 | 6.89 | 1.71 | 2.83 | 3.97 | |
| High | 1026 | 0.04 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.27 | 91.35 | 8.55 | 1.91 | 2.60 | 3.39 | |
| 9. I bullied him/hers with cruel messages or hurtful photographs using a cellphone or Internet. | Low | 746 | 0.06 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.35 | 70.39 | 7.73 | 2.76 | 2.13 | 2.60 |
| Medium | 945 | 0.04 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.31 | 122.94 | 10.18 | 1.80 | 2.70 | 3.72 | |
| High | 1026 | 0.03 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.21 | 73.52 | 7.72 | 1.71 | 2.85 | 4.07 | |
| 10. I bullied others using other forms that weren’t mentioned. | Low | 747 | 0.13 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.48 | 34.71 | 5.12 | 2.17 | 1.74 | 2.60 |
| Medium | 939 | 0.05 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.31 | 74.91 | 7.56 | 2.15 | 2.30 | 3.08 | |
| High | 1021 | 0.05 | 0 | [0 – 0] | 0.26 | 84.56 | 7.80 | 1.92 | 2.43 | 3.81 | |
*SD, Standard Deviation.