Table 1.
Curcumin modulates cellular signaling pathway and ncRNAs in cancers.
| Curcumin or analog | Signal Pathways | ncRNAs* | Downstream Targets | Cancer Type | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | PI3K/Akt | miR-206 (↑) miR-192-5p (↑) miR-203 (↑) miR-21 (↓) |
p-Akt (↓), p-mTOR (↓); Caspase-3 (↑), PI3K (↓), Akt (↓); Akt2 (↓), Src (↓), Jun (↓), Survivin (↓); PTEN (↑), PI3K (↓), Akt (↓), p-Akt (↓); p21 (↑), MMP2 (↓), MMP9 (↓); |
Non-small cell lung cancer Non-small cell lung cancer Bladder cancer Gastric cancer Gastric cancer |
(23) (24) (30) (27, 28) |
| Curcumin | JAK-STAT | miR-99a (↑) | p-JAK1 (↓), p-STAT1, 3 (↓), CyclinD1 (↓), p21 (↑), Bcl-2 (↓), Bax (↑), Cleaved-caspase-3,9 (↑), MMP2 (↓), RhoA (↓), ROCK1 (↓), Vimentin (↓); | Retinoblastoma | (37) |
| Analog | Wnt/β-catenin | miR-33b (↑) | HMGA2 (↓), E-cadherin (↑), N-cadherin (↓), Vimentin (↓), p-STAT3 (↓); | Melanoma | (53) |
| Curcumin | miR-192-5p (↑) | Cyclin D1 (↓), c-Myc (↓), β-catenin (↓); | Non-small cell lung cancer | (45) | |
| miR-21 (↓) | Bcl-2 (↓), Bax (↑), RECK (↑), MMP2 (↓), c-Myc (↓), β-catenin (↓), GSK-3β (↓); | Osteosarcoma | (44) | ||
| miR-130 (↓) | Nkd2(↓), β-catenin (↓), TCF4 (↓); | Colon cancer | (46) | ||
| lincROR (↓) | β-catenin (↓), CD44 (↓), Oct3/4 (↓), CyclinD1 (↓), c-Myc (↓); | Hepatocellular carcinoma | (51) | ||
| lncRNA H19 (↓) | E-cadherin (↑), N-cadherin (↓), Vimentin (↓); | Breast cancer | (57) | ||
| Curcumin | MAPK | miR-378 (↑) | p-p38 (↑); | Glioblastoma | (62) |
| / | p-JNK (↑), Cyclin D3 (↓), CDK2,6 (↓), p21 (↑), p27 (↑), Cleaved-caspase-3,9 (↑), p-p38 (↑); | Retinoblastoma | (63) | ||
| / | p-JNK (↑), p-p38 (↑), p-ERK1,2 (↓), p-p65 (↓), MMP2 (↓), MMP9 (↓), Vimentin (↓); | Leukaemia | (64) | ||
| / | p-p38 (↑), p-JNK (↑), Cleaved-caspase-3,9 (↑), Bcl-2 (↓), Bax (↑), HSP70 (↓); Cleaved-PARP (↑), ATF2 (↑), NF-κB (↓); |
Non-small cell lung cancer Colon cancer |
(65) (66) |
||
| Curcumin | p53 | miR-19 (↓) | p53 (↑), p-MDM2 (↓), PCNA (↓), p-Akt (↓), PTEN (↑); | Breast cancer | (74) |
| miR-1246 (↓) | p53 (↑); | Bladder cancer | (78) | ||
| lncRNA H19 (↓) | p53 (↑), Bcl-2 (↓), Bax (↑), c-Myc (↓); | Gastric cancer | (79) | ||
| miR-192-5p (↑) miR-215 (↑) |
p53 (↑), p21 (↑), Cleaved-PARP (↑), Cleaved-caspase-3 (↑), XIAP (↑); | Non-small cell lung cancer | (75) | ||
| Curcumin | NF-ĸB | / | p-ERK (↓), p-NF-ĸB (↓), MMP9 (↓), Vimentin (↓); Fas (↑), FADD (↑), Cleaved-caspase‑3,8 (↑), MMP‑9 (↓), NF‑κB (↓), E-cadherin (↑), claudin‑3 (↓), |
Pancreatic cancer Colon cancer |
(85) (86) |
*ncRNAs expression altered under curcumin treatment.