Table 2.
Summary data for virus neutralization on Vero E6 cells and antibody-dependent enhancement of infection or cytokine response by hMDM for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2-antibody complexes”+” detected; “-” not detected; “NT” not tested.
| Neutralization (% N+ Vero E6 cells n = 3) | ADE (% N+ hMDM n = 6) | Cytokine response (hMDM n = 6) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV | SARS-CoV-2 | SARS-CoV | SARS-CoV-2 | TNF (pg/ml) | IFN-β (pg/ml) | |||
| Infection CTRL (%) | 34 (± 1.5) | 22.17 (± 2.11) | – | – | – | – | ||
| Immune serum | Neutralizing titer | Serum dilution | ||||||
| A | < 1:10 | 1:10 | 10.41 (± 0.86)**** | 7.07 (± 0.23)**** | – | – | – | – |
| 1:100 | 29.67 (± 3.99) | 15.26 (± 1.92)**** | – | – | – | – | ||
| 1:1000 | 36.57 (± 2.59) | 23.40 (± 2.55) | – | – | – | – | ||
| 1:10000 | 34.23 (± 2.41) | 32.93 (± 0.25) | – | – | – | – | ||
| B | 1:20 | 1:10 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – |
| 1:100 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – | ||
| 1:1000 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – | ||
| 1:10000 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – | ||
| C | 1:160 | 1:10 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – |
| 1:100 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – | ||
| 1:1000 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – | ||
| 1:10000 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – | ||
| D | 1:240 | 1:10 | 10.08 (± 1.06)**** | 0.25 (± 0.26)**** | – | – | – | – |
| 1:100 | 25.63 (± 1.63)*** | 2.25 (± 0.34)**** | – | – | – | – | ||
| 1:1000 | 31.6 (± 0.72) | 12.07 (± 0.58)**** | – | – | – | – | ||
| 1:10000 | 32.93 (± 0.25) | 18.73 (± 1.19)* | – | – | – | – | ||
| E | 1:2560 | 1:10 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – |
| 1:100 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – | ||
| 1:1000 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – | ||
| 1:10000 | NT | NT | NT | – | – | – | ||
Statistically significant differences compared to the control are indicated as: * for p < 0.05, *** for p ≤ 0.001 and **** for p ≤ 0.0001.