Table 4.
Diagnostic/prognostic significance of miRNAs in CAD (UA, unstable angina; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction).
| microRNA | Expression pattern | Samples | Diagnostic/prognostic role | ROC curve analysis | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity | Specificity | AUC | |||||
| miR-142-3p | Upregulated | Blood samples from 52 CAD patients and 26 normal subjects | Distinguishing UA patients from normal subjects | – | – | 0.805 | (38) |
| miR-142-3p | Upregulated | Blood samples from 52 CAD patients (including 26 patients with UA and 26 patients with STEMI) and 26 normal subjects | Distinguishing STEMI patients from normal subjects | – | – | 0.840 | |
| miR-17-5p | Upregulated | Blood samples from 52 CAD patients (including 26 patients with UA and 26 patients with STEMI) and 26 normal subjects | Distinguishing STEMI patients from normal subjects | – | – | 0.845 | |
| miR-223 | Upregulated | Plasma samples from 300 patients with coronary heart disease and 100 controls | Diagnostic biomarker | 0.86 | 0.913 | 0.933 | (42) |
| miR-223-3 p | Upregulated | Serum samples from 314 patients with unstable CAD, 389 patients with stable CAD and 442 controls | Discriminating unstable CAD patients from controls | – | – | 0.76 | (41) |
| miR-122-5 p | Upregulated | Serum samples from 314 patients with unstable CAD, 389 patients with stable CAD and 442 controls | Discriminating unstable CAD patients from controls | – | – | 0.90 | |
|
miR-223-3 p miR-122-5 p along with age and gender |
Upregulated Upregulated |
Serum samples from 314 patients with unstable CAD, 389 patients with stable CAD and 442 controls | discriminating unstable CAD patients from controls | – | – | 0.96 | |
| miR-122-5 p | Upregulated | Serum samples from 314 patients with unstable CAD, 389 patients with stable CAD and 442 controls | discriminating stable CAD patients from controls | – | – | 0.63 | |
|
miR-223-3 p miR-122-5 p along with age and gender |
Upregulated Upregulated |
Serum samples from 314 patients with unstable CAD, 389 patients with stable CAD and 442 controls | Diagnostic biomarker (discriminating stable CAD patients from controls) | – | – | 0.80 | |
| miR-495-3p | Upregulated | Blood samples (PBMCs) from 114 patients with stable CAD(including patients with prethrombotic status (PTS) and patients without PTS) and 24 healthy volunteers as controls | Discriminating PTS patients from non-PTS patients | – | – | 0.712 | (43) |
| miR-34a-5p | Upregulated | Blood samples (PBMCs) from 114 patients with stable CAD(including patients with prethrombotic status (PTS) and patients without PTS) and 24 healthy volunteers as controls | Discriminating PTS patients from non-PTS patients | – | – | 0.780 | |
| miR-34a-5palong with fibrinogen | Upregulated | Blood samples (PBMCs) from 114 patients with stable CAD(including patients with prethrombotic status (PTS) and patients without PTS) and 24 healthy volunteers as controls | Discriminating PTS patients from non-PTS patients | – | – | 0.885 | |
| miR-93-5palong with FHS risk factors | Upregulated | Plasma samples from 50 patients with stable CAD, 50 patients with STEMI and 50 controls | Distinguishing CAD patients from controls | – | – | 0.77 | (44) |
| miR-499a-5palong with FHS risk factors | Upregulated | Plasma samples from 50 patients with stable CAD, 50 patients with STEMI, and 50 controls | Distinguishing STEMI patients from controls | – | – | 0.93 | |
| miR-146a | Upregulated | Plasma samples from 34 CAD patients with good coronary collateral circulation (CCC) and 44 CAD patients with poor CCC | Discriminating CAD patients with good and poor CCC | – | – | 0.939 | (45) |
| miR-208a | Upregulated | Plasma samples from 290 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 110 individuals without CHD | Diagnostic biomarker | 0.75 | 0.93 | 0.919 | (46) |
| miR-208a | Upregulated | Plasma samples from 95 patients with CAD and 50 individual without CAD | Diagnostic biomarker | – | – | 0.819 | (45) |
| miR-370 | Upregulated | Plasma samples from 95 patients with CAD and 50 individual without CAD | Diagnostic biomarker | – | – | 0.745 | |
|
miR-208a miR-370 |
Upregulated Upregulated |
Plasma samples from 95 patients with CAD and 50 individual without CAD | Diagnostic biomarker | – | – | 0.856 | |
| miR-21 | Upregulated | Serum samples from 45 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and CAD, 45 patients with DM and heart failure (HF), 45 patients with DM, and 45 matched control subjects | discriminating CAD + DM group from controls | 0.800 | 0.911 | 0.944 | (47) |
| miR-21 | Upregulated | Serum samples from 45 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and CAD, 45 patients with DM and heart failure (HF), 45 patients with DM, and 45 matched control subjects | discriminating CAD + DM group from DM group | 0.778 | 0.667 | 0.755 | |
| miR-21 | Upregulated | Serum samples from 45 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and CAD, 45 patients with DM and heart failure (HF), 45 patients with DM, and 45 matched control subjects | discriminating CAD + DM form HF + DM group | 0.711 | 0.511 | 0.640 | |
| miR-21 | Upregulated (in ACS patients compared with CAD patients) | 50 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and 50 patients with stable CAD | Distinguishing ACS patients from CAD patients | – | – | 0.775 | (48) |
| miR-151-3p | Upregulated (in STEMI group) | Plasma samples from 20 patients with STEMI, 20 patients with stable CAD and 20 individuals without CAD | Distinguishing patients with STEMI form non-CAD individuals | – | – | 0.758 | (49) |
| miR-151-3p | Upregulated (in STEMI group) | Plasma samples from 20 patients with STEMI, 20 patients with stable CAD and 20 individuals without CAD | Distinguishing patients with STEMI form patients with stable CAD | – | – | 0.754 | |
| miR-331 | Upregulated (in STEMI group) | Plasma samples from 20 patients with STEMI, 20 patients with stable CAD and 20 individuals without CAD | Distinguishing patients with STEMI form non-CAD individuals | – | – | 0.790 | |
| miR-331 | Upregulated (in STEMI group) | Plasma samples from 20 patients with STEMI, 20 patients with stable CAD and 20 individuals without CAD | Distinguishing patients with STEMI form patients with stable CAD | – | – | 0.773 | |
|
miR-221 miR-25-5p miR-19b-5p |
Upregulated Upregulated Downregulated |
50 CAD patients with heart failure and 48 CAD patients without heart failure | CAD patients with heart failure and CAD patients without heart failure | – | – | 0.860 | (40) |
|
miR-221 miR-25-5p miR-19b-5p together with hypertension |
Upregulated Upregulated Downregulated |
50 CAD patients with heart failure and 48 CAD patients without heart failure | CAD patients with heart failure and CAD patients without heart failure | – | – | 0.871 | |
| miR-941 | Upregulated | Blood samples from 56 CAD patients [18 patients with STEMI, 18 patients non-ST elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS), and 20 patients with stable angina (SA)] and 16 patients without CAD | Distinguishing STEMI patients form patients without CAD | – | – | 0.896 | (50) |
| miR-941 | Upregulated | Blood samples from 56 CAD patients (18 patients with STEMI, 18 patients non-ST elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) and 20 patients with stable angina (SA)) and 16 patients without CAD | distinguishing STEMI patients form patients with SA | – | – | 0.808 | |
| miR-941 | Upregulated | Blood samples from 56 CAD patients [18 patients with STEMI, 18 patients non-ST elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS), and 20 patients with stable angina (SA)] and 16 patients without CAD | Distinguishing STEMI patients form patients with NSTE-ACS | – | – | 0.781 | |
| miR-133a | Upregulated (in patients with PMI) | Serum samples from 80 CAD patients (48 patients with periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 32 patients without PMI) | Prognostic biomarker (predicting occurrence of PMI) | 0.938 | 0.719 | 0.891 | (51) |
| miR-25 | Upregulated | Blood samples (PBMCs) from 72 CAD patients, 30 patients with ICAD and 74 controls | Distinguishing CAD patients from controls) | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.83 | (39) |
| miR-25 | Upregulated | Distinguishing CAD patients from patients with ICAD | 0.57 | 0.76 | 0.66 | ||
| miR-25 | Upregulated | Distinguishing ICAD patients from controls | 0.62 | 0.88 | 0.76 | ||
| miR-25 | Upregulated | Distinguishing CAD patients from other subjects | 0.85 | 0.67 | 0.78 | ||
| miR-21 | Downregulated (in ICAD group) | Distinguishing CAD patients from patients with ICAD | 0.58 | 0.83 | 0.66 | ||
| miR-21 | Downregulated (in ICAD group) | Distinguishing ICAD patients from controls | 0.79 | 0.68 | 0.76 | ||
| miR-218 | Downregulated | Serum samples from 104 CAD patients and 101 healthy controls | Diagnostic biomarker | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.889 | (26) |
|
Let-7f miR-19a miR-126 miR-210 miR-296 |
Downregulated Downregulated Downregulated Downregulated Downregulated |
Plasma samples from 286 patients with CAD (including 113 patients with rapid angiographic stenotic progression (RASP) and 173 patients without RASP) | Distinguishing RASP patients from non-RASP patients | – | – | 0.879 | (51) |
| miR-126 | – | Plasma samples from 46 patients with diabetes and CAD, 54 patients with diabetes but without CAD and 20 healthy controls | Discriminating diabetic patients with and without CAD | 0.91 | 1 | – | (52) |
| miR-210 | – | Plasma samples from 46 patients with diabetes and CAD, 54 patients with diabetes but without CAD and 20 healthy controls | Discriminating diabetic patients with and without CAD | 0.93 | 1 | – | |
| miR-378 | Downregulated | Plasma samples from 215 CAD patients and 52 matched healthy subjects | Diagnostic biomarker | – | – | 0.789 | (53) |
| let-7c | Downregulated | Plasma samples from 69 CAD patients and 30 control individuals | Diagnostic biomarker | – | – | 0.654 | (54) |
| miR-145 | Downregulated | Diagnostic biomarker | – | – | 0.670 | ||
| miR-155 | Downregulated | Diagnostic biomarker | – | – | 0.620 | ||
|
let-7c miR-145 miR-155 |
Downregulated Downregulated Downregulated |
Diagnostic biomarker | – | – | 0.706 | ||
| miR-132 | – | Serum samples from 1112 patients with CAD (682 patients with stable angina pectoris and 430 patients with acute coronary syndrome) | Prognostic biomarker (prediction of cardiovascular death) | – | – | 0.737 | (55) |
| miR-140-3p | – | Prognostic biomarker (prediction of cardiovascular death) | – | – | 0.756 | ||
| miR-210 | – | Prognostic biomarker (prediction of cardiovascular death) | – | – | 0.754 | ||
| miR-150 | – | Blood samples (PBMCs) from 72 CAD patients with significant stenosis, 30 CAD patients with insignificant stenosis (ICAD) and 74 healthy controls | discriminating CAD patients from healthy controls) | 0.90 | 0.62 | 0.79 | (56) |
| miR-223 | – | discriminating CAD patients from healthy controls) | 0.37 | 0.91 | 0.62 | ||
|
miR-150 miR-223 |
– | Discriminating CAD patients from healthy controls) | 0.89 | 0.65 | 0.79 | ||
| miR-150 | - | Discriminating CAD patients form ICAD patients | 0.40 | 0.96 | 0.70 | ||
| miR-223 | – | Discriminating CAD patients form ICAD patients | 0.55 | 0.89 | 0.71 | ||
| miR-150miR-223 | – | Discriminating CAD patients form ICAD patients | 0.74 | 0.83 | 0.80 | ||
| miR-423-3p | – | Serum samples form 64 CAD patients and 2,748 control individuals | Diagnostic biomarker | – | – | 0.8 | (57) |
| miR-26 | Downregulated | 45 patients with type 2 diabetes, 45 patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD and 45 healthy controls | Discriminating patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD from healthy controls | – | – | 0.948 | (58) |
| miR-26 | Downregulated | 45 patients with type 2 diabetes, 45 patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD and 45 healthy controls | discriminating type 2 diabetes patients with and without CAD | – | – | 0.807 | |
| miR-196-5p | Downregulated | 60 patients with early-onset CAD and 60 age- and gender-matched normal subjects | Diagnostic biomarker | 0.85 | 0.72 | 0.824 | (59) |
| miR-3163-3p | Downregulated | 60 patients with early-onset CAD and 60 age- and gender-matched normal subjects | Diagnostic biomarker | 0.57 | 0.84 | 0.758 | |
| miR-145-3p | Downregulated | 60 patients with early-onset CAD and 60 age- and gender-matched normal subjects | Diagnostic biomarker | 0.67 | 0.82 | 0.753 | |
| miR-190a-5p | Downregulated | 60 patients with early-onset CAD and 60 age- and gender-matched normal subjects | Diagnostic biomarker | 0.70 | 0.75 | 0.782 | |
| miR-196a | Downregulated | 72 patients with CAD, 30 patients with ICAD and 74 healthy controls | distinguishing ICAD patients from CAD patients | – | – | 0.75 | (60) |