NusG and RfaH assist initial 30S binding and stabilize the bound 30S on the nascent mRNA, respectively. (A) Association (kon) and dissociation rate constants (koff) calculated from hidden Markov models for 30S binding to the mRNA in PEC-99 in the presence of equimolar concentrations of NusG or RfaH in the absence or presence of preQ1. Values of binding (kon) and dissociation (koff) rates are reported in SI Appendix, Table S1. N(PEC) = 265, N(PEC
+
preQ1) = 140, N(PEC
+
NusG) = 253, N(PEC
+
NusG
+
preQ1) = 252, N(PEC
+
RfaH) = 253, and N(PEC
+
RfaH
+
preQ1) = 332. (***P < 0.01, **P < 0.025, *P < 0.05.) (B) A model highlighting the differential roles of NusG and RfaH in the initial 30S binding and stabilization of the 30S subunit on the nascent mRNA.