FIGURE 1.

Schematic depicting current knowledge in the pathophysiological features of neutrophils during sepsis. During sepsis, both mature and immature neutrophils are generated in the bone marrow and are mobilized into peripheral blood. Transcriptional factors and environmental stimulus that determine the phenotypes of neutrophils presented in sepsis are largely unknown. Several pathophysiological features related to neutrophil function have been described, including dysregulated migration capacity, impaired antimicrobial activity, and suppression of adaptive immunity through the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in sepsis are also not controlled properly, and play an important role in tissue damage and coagulation disturbance.