Table 1.

Backgrounds and clinical complications of patients with bilateral and unilateral PA without apparent adrenal tumors.

Parameter	Bilateral PA patients n = 1386	Unilateral PA patients n = 200	P
Age, years	51.8 ± 10.9	53.7 ± 11.3	0.022*
Sex, male, %	43.4	71.5	<0.001*
Body mass index, kg/m2	25.2 ± 4.1	25.3 ± 4.1	0.784
History of Smoking, %	32.1	38.2	0.094
History of Drinking, %	52.0	61.3	0.017*
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	142.1 ± 17.3	141.8 ± 18.3	0.792
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	87.9 ± 13.1	87.5 ± 13.0	0.676
Hypertension duration, years	3 (1-10)	10 (4-18)	<0.001*
Creatinine, mg/dl	0.73 ± 0.22	0.82 ± 0.23	<0.001*
EGFR, ml/min/1.73m2	79.4 ± 17.2	77.0 ± 21.1	0.087
Low eGFR, %	11.1	16.0	0.043*
Proteinuria, %	7.4	17.0	<0.001*
Total cholesterol, mg/dl	198 ± 33	188 ± 33	<0.001*
Triglyceride, mg/dl	132 ± 82	123 ± 66	0.184
LDL, mg/dl	116 ± 29	112 ± 29	0.112
HDL, mg/dl	57 ± 17	54 ± 15	0.024*
Dyslipidemia, %	27.9	34.1	0.089
Fasting blood sugar, mg/dl	106 ± 30	108 ± 29	0.446
HbA1c (NGSP), %	5.9 ± 1.0	5.8 ± 1.0	0.575
Diabetes mellitus, %	18.9	20.7	0.552
Serum K+, mEq/l	3.9 ± 0.4	3.5 ± 0.5	<0.001*
Hypokalemia, %	16.9	62.0	<0.001*
ARR, pg/ml per ng/ml/h	420 (290-660)	772 (427-1529)	<0.001*
PAC, pg/ml	156 (118-213)	228 (164-338)	<0.001*
PRA, ng/ml/h	0.4 (0.2-0.6)	0.3 (0.2-0.5)	<0.001*
Cardiovascular disease, %	6.2	10.0	0.045*

Student’s t test was used to compare parametric variables. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare nonparametric variables. Pearson’s χ² test was used for categorical parameters. Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences (P <0.05). Hypokalemia was considered to be present if K⁺ was ≤3.5 mEq/L or when a patient was taking a potassium supplement. Low eGFR was defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m². ARR, aldosterone-to-renin ratio; EGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; PA, primary aldosteronism; PAC, plasma aldosterone concentration; and PRA, plasma renin activity.