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Potential molecular mechanisms for protein and branched chain amino acid (BCAA)-induced insulin resistance. GCN2: General control nonderepressible 2 kinase; FGF21: Fibroblast growth factor 21; UCP1: Uncoupling Protein 1; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1; mTORC1: Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; SREBP: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein; S6K1: Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1.
