Table 1.

Direct ERK interactors identified for both mouse and human. Targets were primarily obtained from a compendium of ERK targets [26].

Localization	Gene Name	Protein Name	Role/Function	References
Plasma Membrane	CAPN2	Calpain-2 catalytic subunit	Plays a role in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated cell adhesion and motility.	[27,28,29]
	NOXA1	NADPH oxidase activator 1	Activates NADPH oxidase NOX1 to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a role in host defense, hormone biosynthesis, and sensing.	[29,30]
Cytoskeleton	AKAP12	A-kinase anchor protein 12	Anchors protein kinases A (PKA) and C (PKC) and plays a role in cell cycle regulation.	[29,31,32,33,34]
	AMPH	Amphiphysin	Plays a role in endoyctosis.	[29,35,36,37]
	MAP1B	Microtubule-associated protein 1B	Plays a role in neurite extension, where phosphorylation may induce microtubule association.	[29,32,33,34]
	TNKS1BP1	182 kDa tankyrase-1-binding protein	Functions in regulating the actin cytoskeleton.	[29,33,34,38]
Cytosol	DCP1A	mRNA-decapping enzyme 1A	Modulates gene expression through interaction with decapping enzyme Dcp2.	[29,33,39]
	RPS3	40S ribosomal protein S3	Functions as a member of the ribosomal small subunit; plays a role in DNA repair.	[29,32,33,34,40]
	RPS6KA1	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1 (RSK1)	Acts downstream of ERK found in both the cytosol and nucleus.	[29,41]
	RPS6KA3	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3 (RSK2)	Acts downstream of ERK found in both the cytosol and nucleus.	[29,41]
	RPS6KA2	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-2 (RSK3)	Acts downstream of ERK found in both the cytosol and nucleus.	[29,41]
	SPHK1	Sphingosine kinase 1	Activates proteins tied to proliferation and repression of apoptosis following activation through phosphorylation.	[29,42]
	STAT1	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta	Transduces interferon-, growth factor-, and cytokine-mediated signals.	[29,33,43,44]
	STIM1	Stromal interaction molecule 1	Upon intracellular Ca2+ depletion, translocates from the ER membrane to near the plasma membrane to activate store-operated calcium channels (SOCs).	[29,45]
	TP53	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Functions as a cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor.	[29,46]
Nucleus	AHNAK	Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK	May be required for neuronal cell differentiation; has been observed to disrupt PKC-PP2A complex to upregulate ERK signaling in NIH3T3 fibroblasts.	[29,32,34,47,48,49,50]
	ATF2	Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2	Upon phosphorylation, upregulates genes tied to DNA damage response and cell growth.	[29,37,51]
	CEBPB	CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta	Phosphorylation of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-b (C/EBPb) by ERK2 (not ERK1) enhances its interaction with SRF and its transactivation activity.	[29,52]
	ELK1	ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1	Primarily functions to transcribe c-Fos, which plays a role in cell proliferation and differentiation; phosphorylation enhances activity.	[29,37,53]
	EP300	Histone acetyltransferase p300	Regulates transcription via chromatin remodeling.	[29,54]
	ETS1	Protein C-ets-1	Regulates immune cell function.	[29,55]
	FAM195B	Mapk-regulated corepressor-interacting protein 1	Regulates co-repressor CtBP to mediate gene silencing during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.	[29,34,56]
	FOXO3	Forkhead box protein O3	Regulates cellular processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy, where nuclear translocation occurs in response to stress.	[29,57]
	HNRNPH1	Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H	Mediates pre-mRNA splicing.	[58]
	JUN	Transcription factor AP-1 (c-Jun)	Plays an integral role in cell cycle progression.	[29,32,37]
	MCL1	Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1	Plays a role in regulating apoptosis.	[29,59]
	NDF1	Neurogenic differentiation factor 1	Regulates differentiation of neuronal and endocrine cells.	[29,37,60]
	NR5A1	Steroidogenic factor 1	Plays a role in the development of the primary steroidogenic tissues in both sexes.	[29,61]
	NUP153	Nuclear pore complex protein Nup153	Functions trafficking across the nuclear envelope.	[29,32,33,34,62,63]
	PRRC2A	Protein PRRC2A (BAT2)	Functions in oligodendrocyte specification; plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing.	[29,33,34,50,64]
	RPS6KA5	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 (MSK1)	Upon activations, functions to phosphorylate CREB1 and ATF1 in response to mitogenic or stress signaling.	[29,41]
	SMAD4	Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4	Balances atrophy and hypertrophy, where nuclear translocation occurs R-SMAD; Component of nuclear SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex.	[29,37,65]
	TAL1	T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1	Serves as a positive regulator of erythroid differentiation.	[29,37,66]
	TPR	Nucleoprotein TPR	Functions trafficking across the nuclear envelope; plays an integral role in cell division.	[29,32,34,50,67]
	XRN2	5’-3’ exoribonuclease 2	Functions in RNA degradation.	[29,32,34,68]