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. 2021 Apr 16;22(8):4137. doi: 10.3390/ijms22084137

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Browning of white adipocyte induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The phenotypic change from fat storing to thermogenic adipocytes is recognized by the presence of multilocular lipid droplets and fissed mitochondria that tend to surround lipid droplets, maximizing the efficiency of fatty acid release for thermogenesis. Various genes (their up- and downregulation) involved in the process of browning and mitochondrial fission are indicated by red and green arrows, respectively. From: [18] (reproduced with permission).