Immunotherapy by immune checkpoint blockade. Mice (n = 5) bearing either TC-1- (A) or TC-1/dCD80-1-induced tumors (B) were treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), or a combination of both antibodies. The cells involved in the anti-tumor effect of CTLA-4 blockade were analyzed by depletions of CD4+, CD8+, NK1.1+ cells, or macrophages in mice bearing TC-1-induced tumors (C) or TC-1/dCD80-1-induced tumors (D). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used as the control. Statistical analysis indicates a comparison with the anti-CTLA-4/PBS group. Bars indicate ±SEM; **** p < 0.0001.