Table 1.
Characteristics of participants from Washington, DC Cardiovascular Health and Needs Assessment (n = 60), who provided survey data and blood samples.
| Sociodemographics | Mean (SD)/Total n (%) |
|---|---|
| African-American | 60 (100%) |
| Sex, female | 56 (93.33%) |
| Age (years) | 60.83 ± 10.52 |
| Household yearly income (USD/10k) ^ | 53.48 ± 34.20 |
| Neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) | −1.54 ± 2.94 |
| CVD Risk Factors | |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 13 (21.67%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 33 (55.00%) |
| Hypertension | 38 (63.33%) |
| Smoking history | 7 (11.67%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.00 ± 7.85 |
| LDL (mg/dL) a | 105.5 ± 33.02 |
| HDL (mg/dL) b | 66.57 ± 20.58 |
| TG (mg/dL) c | 84.97 ± 26.43 |
| TC (mg/dL) d | 188.98 ± 35.20 |
| TMAO (µmol/L) | 4.99 ± 9.65 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/mL) e | 16.76 ± 11.98 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) f | 104.73 ± 16.72 |
| ASCVD 10 y risk score (%) | 10.75 ± 8.51 |
| HOMA-IR (%) | 4.28 ± 3.21 |
| Inflammatory Markers | |
| hs-CRP ^^ (mg/L) g | 5.70 ± 9.89 |
| IL-1β ^^ (pg/mL) | 0.19 ± 0.24 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.28 ± 1.09 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 32.56 ± 72.90 |
| TNF α (pg/mL) | 1.61 ± 0.99 |
Continuous variables expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables displayed as total n (%). ^ Some individuals decided not to disclose this information in the presented socioeconomic survey (n = 46). ^^ hs-CRP and IL-1β were undetectable in one individual (n = 59). ASCVD risk score includes sex, age, race, total cholesterol, HDL-C, systolic blood pressure, personal history of diabetes, personal history of smoking, personal history of treatment for hypertension. LDL: low-density lipid cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipid cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor. Clinical reference ranges: a LDL optimal <100 md/dL; b HDL low <40; c TG normal <150 mg/dL; d TC normal <200 mg/dL; e insulin reference range 2.6–24.9 mU/mL; f glucose 70–99 mg/dL; g Hs-CRP low-risk <1.0, average risk 1.0–3.0, high-risk > 3.0 mg/L.