Table 2.
Claims regarding fungal beta-glucan applications related to the immune system.
| Claim Type | Nutrient, Substance, Food or Food Category | Claim | Non-Authorization/Discontinuation Based on Criteria | Health Relationship | EFSA Opinion/Journal Reference | Entry ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Art. 13(1) | Beta-glucan (WGP) | For immunity. Strengthens immunity. | (2) Rejected on the basis of an unclear health relationship or no clear association with health. | Immune system | 2011;9(6):2228 | 1792 |
| Art. 13(1) | Beta-glucan + olive leaf extract | Supports the body’s own defense mechanism/immunity. Maintains natural defense mechanism/immunity. Helps strengthen natural immunity. | (2) Rejected on the basis of an unclear health relationship or no clear association with health. | Immune function/immune system | 2011;9(4):2061 | 1793 |
| Art. 13(1) | Beta-glucan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Beta-glucan from yeast as immunomodulators. Beta-glucan from yeast support of natural defenses. | (2) Rejected on the basis of an unclear health relationship or no clear association with health. | Immune system | 2011;9(6):2228 | 847 |
| Art. 13(1) | Beta-glucan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Beta-glucan from yeast as immunomodulators. Beta-glucan from yeast support of natural defenses. | (2) Rejected on the basis of an unclear health relationship or no clear association with health. | Increasing nonspecific serum IgA secretion | 2011;9(6):2228 | 1944 |
| Art. 13(1) | WGP beta-glucan; (WGP® (1,3)-b-d-glucan); (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) | WGP beta-glucan contributes to the normal function to the immune system. WGP beta-glucan naturally contributes to adequate immune responses. The daily dietary supplementation with WGP beta-glucan promotes the normal function of the immune system. WGP beta-glucan enhances the production and activity of macrophages and neutrophils. Thus, it plays an important role in the adequate function of the immune system. WGP beta-glucan contributes to maintain the normal function of the upper respiratory tract. | (3) Rejected on the basis of an unproven cause and effect relationship: no evidence (yet) for a relationship between intake and effect. | Maintenance of the upper respiratory tract defense against pathogens by maintaining immune defenses. | 2011;9(6):2248 | 1910 |
| Art. 13(5) | Yestimun® | Daily administration of Yestimun® helps to maintain the body’s defense against pathogens. | (3) Rejected on the basis of an unproven cause and effect relationship: no evidence (yet) for a relationship between intake and effect. | N/A | Q-2012-00761Commission Regulation (EU) No 1154/2014 of 29/10/2014 | N/A |
| Art. 13(5) | Yestimun®, consisting of (1,3)-(1,6)-β-d-glucans of brewer’s yeast cell wall (100% Saccharomyces cerevisiae) | Daily administration of Yestimun® strengthens the body’s defense during the cold season. | (3) Rejected on the basis of an unproven cause and effect relationship: no evidence (yet) for a relationship between intake and effect. | N/A | Q-2008-667Commission Regulation (EU) 432/2011 of 04/05/2011 | N/A |
| Art. 13(1) | Lentinula edodes (common name: Shiitake) | Contributes to natural immunological defenses. | (3) Rejected on the basis of an unproven cause and effect relationship: no evidence (yet) for a relationship between intake and effect. | Immune function/immune system | 2011;9(4):2061 | 3774 |
| Art. 13(1) | Lentinula edodes (common name: shiitake) | Contributes to natural immunological defenses. | (2) Rejected on the basis of an unclear health relationship or no clear association with health. | Stimulation of immunological responses | 2011;9(4):2061 | 2075 |
| Art. 13(1) | Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) | Contributes to natural immunological defenses. | (2) Rejected on the basis of an unclear health relationship or no clear association with health. | Immune function/immune system | 2011;9(4):2061 | 3521 |
| Art. 13(1) | Brewer’s yeast | Strengthens immunity | (2) Rejected on the basis of an unclear health relationship or no clear association with health. | Immune function/immune system | 2010;8(10):1799 | 1384 |
| Art. 13(5) | Immune balance drink, containing vitamin C, green tea, grape skin, grape seed, and shiitake mushroom extract | The immune balance drink activates body’s defense. | (3) Rejected on the basis of an unproven cause and effect relationship: no evidence (yet) for a relationship between intake and effect. | N/A | Q-2009-517Commission Regulation (EU) No 958/2010 of 22/10/2010 | N/A |
| Art. 13(1) | Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) | Activates immune system, exert potential effects on the immune system—stimulating immunity. | (2) Rejected on the basis of an unclear health relationship or no clear association with health. | Stimulation of immunological responses | 2011;9(4):2061 | 3139 |
| Art. 13(1) | Herbal yeast plasmolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) | Strengthens the body’s defense system. Increases immunity. | (2) Rejected on the basis of an unclear health relationship or no clear association with health. | Immune function/immune system | 2011;9(4):2061 | 1817 |