ACC	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
CIDEA	Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effector A
ChREBP	Carbohydrate-response element binding protein
DAG	Diacylglycerol
DIO	Diet-induced obesity
DNL	De novo lipogenesis
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
FAS	Fatty acid synthase
FFA	Free fatty acid
FoxO1	Forkhead box O1
FSP27	Fat specific protein 27
GLUT	Glucose transporter
HBV	Hepatitis B virus
HCV	Hepatitis C virus
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
HFD	High-fat diet
IKKβ	Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit β
IL-6	Interleukin-6
INSR	Insulin receptor
Irs	Insulin receptor substrate
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
NAFL	Non-alcoholic fatty liver
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NEFA	Non-esterified fatty acid
NF-kappa	Nuclear factor-kappa B
MAFLD	Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
miRNA	microRNA
MOGAT1	Monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1
OGTT	Oral glucose tolerance test
PDK1	Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
PKC	Protein kinase C
PLIN2	Perilipin 2
PPAR	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
PTEN	Phosphatase and tensin homolog
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SCD1	Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1
SOCS3	Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
SREBP	Sterol-regulatory element binding protein
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TCA cycle	Tricarboxylic acid cycle
TG	Triglycerides
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
TLR-4	Toll-like receptor-4
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
TSC	Tuberous sclerosis complex