AMPK	AMP-activates kinase
APS	Adapter protein with a PH and SH2 domain
AS160	Akt substrate of 160 kDa
CA	Corosolic acid
ERK	Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
ESR	Estrogen receptor
GEF	Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide 1
GLUT4	Glucose transporter 4
GSPE	Grape-seed procyanidins extract
GSV	GLUT4 storage vesicles
IR	Insulin receptor
IRS-1	Insulin receptor substrate 1
LBD	Ligand binding domain
MEF2	Myocyte enhancer factor 2
PGG	Penta-galloyl-glucose
PI3K	Phosphatidyl insoitol-3-kinase
PKB	Protein kinase B
PM	Plasma membrane
PP2A	Protein phosphatase 2A
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ
PTP1B	Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
HFD	High fat diet
RXR	Retinoid X receptor
SGLT2	Sodium-Glucose transporter 2
SHP2	SH2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2
TCPTP	T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase
T2D	Type 2 diabetes
TZD	Thiazolidinediones
UA	Ursolic acid