Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Total Sample (N=198) |
Never Maltreated (n=142) |
History of Maltreatment (n=56) |
95% CI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or N (%) | Mean (SD) or N (%) | Mean (SD) or N (%) | Statistic | df | p | LL |
UL |
|
| Sex | χ2=0.04 | 1 | .847 | |||||
| Female | 87 (43.9%) | 63 (44.4%) | 24 (42.9%) | |||||
| Male | 111 (56.1%) | 79 (55.6%) | 32 (57.1%) | |||||
| Race | χ2=0.17 | 1 | .863 | |||||
| White | 159 (80.3%) | 113 (79.6%) | 46 (82.1%) | |||||
| Non-White | 39 (19.7%) | 29 (20.4%) | 10 (17.9%) | |||||
| Family SES | 3.94 (0.73) | 3.97 (0.72) | 3.87 (0.77) | t=0.88 | 196 | .381 | −0.13 | 0.33 |
| Study Duration | 9.25 (2.48) | 9.22 (2.53) | 9.34 (2.39) | t=−0.31 | 196 | .757 | −0.90 | 0.65 |
| Age of first CANTAB | 16.58 (3.82) | 16.84 (3.88) | 16.05 (3.64) | t=1.31 | 196 | .191 | −0.40 | 1.98 |
| Age of BP onset | 8.85 (3.74) | 9.30 (3.92) | 7.70 (2.96) | t=3.11 | 132.57* | .002 | 0.47 | 2.75 |
| BP Diagnosis | χ2=1.72 | 2 | .449 | |||||
| BP-I | 110 (55.6%) | 74 (52.1%) | 36 (64.3%) | |||||
| BP-II | 20 (10.1%) | 17 (12.0%) | 3 (5.3%) | |||||
| BP-NOS | 68 (34.3%) | 51 (35.9%) | 17 (30.4%) | |||||
| Depression Rating Scale | 8.40 (5.15) | 8.32 (5.51) | 8.60 (4.13) | t=−0.34 | 196 | .732 | −1.89 | 1.33 |
| Lifetime Comorbidities | ||||||||
| PTSD | 38 (19.2%) | 18 (12.7%) | 20 (35.7%) | χ2=13.75 | 1 | <.001 | ||
| ADHD | 134 (67.7%) | 89 (62.7%) | 45 (80.4%) | χ2=5.74 | 1 | .018 | ||
| Any anxiety disorder | 156 (78.8%) | 111 (78.2%) | 45 (80.4%) | χ2=0.12 | 1 | .734 | ||
| Psychosis | 55 (27.8%) | 39 (27.5%) | 18 (28.6%) | χ2=0.03 | 1 | .876 | ||
| DBD | 119 (60.1%) | 79 (55.6%) | 40 (71.4%) | χ2=4.18 | 1 | .041 | ||
| SUD | 84 (42.4%) | 55 (38.7%) | 29 (51.8%) | χ2=2.80 | 1 | .094 | ||
| Mean IQ | 106.67 (14.64) | 107.70 (15.03) | 104.08 (13.35) | t=1.57 | 196 | .118 | −0.92 | 8.15 |
| RVP Total Hits | −0.02 (0.98) | −0.03 (1.03) | 0.01 (0.85) | t=−0.13 | 196 | .894 | −0.33 | 0.29 |
| RVP Total Misses | 0.01 (0.98) | −0.01 (1.02) | 0.07 (0.89) | t=−0.50 | 196 | .620 | −0.38 | 0.23 |
| RVP A’ | −0.02 (0.96) | −0.00 (0.97) | −0.04 (0.94) | t=0.27 | 194 | .789 | −0.26 | 0.34 |
| AGN Commission Errors | 0.04 (1.01) | −0.05 (0.98) | 0.25 (1.07) | t=−1.86 | 195 | .064 | −0.61 | 0.02 |
| AGN Omission Errors | 0.02 (0.98) | −0.05 (0.98) | 0.19 (0.97) | t=−1.54 | 195 | .124 | −0.54 | 0.07 |
| AGN Latency to Correct Response | −0.02 (1.02) | 0.04 (1.03) | −0.18 (0.98) | t=1.34 | 194 | .183 | −0.10 | 0.53 |
Note.
*
=test adjusted for violation of Levene’s Test of Homogeneity of Variance.
BP=Bipolar Disorder. CANTAB=Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. DBD = Disruptive Behavior Disorders (including Oppositional Defiant Disorder [ODD] and/or Conduct Disorder [CD] SUD=Substance Use Disorder (abuse/dependence). RVP=Rapid Visual Processing Test for sustained attention. AGN=Affective Go/No-Go Task. CI=Confidence Interval LL=Lower Limit. UL=Upper Limit.