Table 3.
GSEA for mitochondrial metabolism/signaling in primary human epidermal keratinocytes treated with melatonin, 6(OH)Mel or AFMK; NES—Normalized Enriched Score; FDR—False Discovery Rate; (×)—the effect is absent.
| Influence of Melatonin Metabolites on Mitochondrial Metabolism | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reactome Pathway | GSEA for Melatonin | GSEA for 6(OH)Mel | GSEA for AFMK | ||||||
| NES | FDR | Direction | NES | FDR | Direction | NES | FDR | Direction | |
| Citric acid cycle | 1.06 | 0.50 | ↑ | 1.07 | 0.49 | ↑ | 1.06 | 0.52 | ↑ |
| Glucose metabolism | 1.06 | 0.50 | ↑ | 1.05 | 0.51 | ↑ | 1.05 | 0.51 | ↑ |
| Mitochondrial translation | 1.07 | 0.50 | ↑ | 1.07 | 0.49 | ↑ | 1.07 | 0.50 | ↑ |
| Cristae formation | 1.07 | 0.50 | ↑ | 1.07 | 0.49 | ↑ | 1.09 | 0.54 | ↑ |
| Pyruvate metabolism and citric acid cycle | 1.05 | 0.50 | ↑ | 1.05 | 0.51 | ↑ | 1.05 | 0.51 | ↑ |
| Mitochondrial translation elongation | 1.08 | 0.51 | ↑ | 1.09 | 0.57 | ↑ | 1.09 | 0.53 | ↑ |
| Pyruvate metabolism | 1.05 | 0.52 | ↑ | 1.03 | 0.53 | ↑ | 1.06 | 0.50 | ↑ |
| Mitochondrial protein import | 1.04 | 0.53 | ↑ | 1.05 | 0.51 | ↑ | 1.03 | 0.54 | ↑ |
| Mitochondrial biogenesis | 1.04 | 0.53 | ↑ | 1.05 | 0.51 | ↑ | 1.03 | 0.54 | ↑ |
| Mitochondrial translation initiation | 1.09 | 0.54 | ↑ | 1.07 | 0.48 | ↑ | 1.08 | 0.51 | ↑ |
| Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation |
1.03 | 0.56 | ↑ | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport | 1.09 | 0.57 | ↑ | 1.09 | 0.56 | ↑ | 1.08 | 0.52 | ↑ |
| Gluconeogenesis | 1.12 | 0.85 | ↑ | 1.13 | 0.77 | ↑ | 1.12 | 0.86 | ↑ |
| Glycogen metabolism | 1.11 | 0.76 | ↑ | 1.11 | 0.72 | ↑ | 1.11 | 0.79 | ↑ |
| Mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation | 1.00 | 0.61 | ↑ | 1.00 | 0.59 | ↑ | 1.00 | 0.60 | ↑ |
| Respiratory electron transport | 1.10 | × | × | 1.10 | 0.63 | ↑ | 1.09 | 0.57 | ↑ |
| Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins | × | × | × | 1.10 | 0.68 | ↑ | 1.11 | 0.78 | ↑ |
| Glycogen synthesis | 1.10 | 0.67 | ↑ | × | × | × | 1.09 | 0.57 | ↑ |