Table 5.

Implications for cardiovascular system based on the GSEA of gene expression pattern affected by melatonin, AFMK and 6(OH)Mel in primary human epidermal keratinocytes. NES—normalized enriched score; (×)—the effect is absent.

Reactome Pathway	GSEA for Melatonin		GSEA for 6(OH)Mel		GSEA for AFMK
	NES	Direction	NES	Direction	NES	Direction
Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance	1.08	↑	1.08	↑	1.08	↑
ABC-family proteins-mediated transport	1.08	↑	1.08	↑	×	×
Triglyceride catabolism	1.04	↑	×	×	×	×
LDL clearance	1.09	↑	1.09	↑	1.08	↑
PPARα activated gene expression	1.01	↑	×	×	1.00	↑
Assembly of active LPL and LIPC lipase complexes	1.00	↑	×	×	1.01	↑
Platelet homeostasis	1.00	↑	1.00	↑	×	×
Plasma lipoprotein clearance	×	×	×	×	1.07	↑
Prostacyclin signaling through prostacyclin receptor	×	×	1.10	↑	1.11	↑
Platelet calcium homeostasis	×	×	×	×	0.98	↑
Regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARα	×	×	×	×	0.97	↑
Nitric oxide stimulated guanylate cyclase	×	×	×	×	0.86	↑
Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via aquaporins	×	×	1.04	↑	×	×
Regulation of insulin secretion	×	×	1.04	↑	×	×
Triglyceride catabolism	×	×	1.03	↑	×	×
ABC transporters in lipid homeostasis	×	×	0.89	↑	×	×