Table 2.
Distributions of Potential Risk Factors Between Healthy Controls and Patients with Gout (N = 385).
| Characteristics | Healthy Control Group n (%) |
Gout Group n (%) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking status | 304 (100%) | 81 (100%) | |
| Non-smoker | 212 (69.70%) | 22 (27.20%) | <0.01 |
| Exposed to SHS | 47 (15.50%) | 35 (43.20%) | |
| Active smoker | 45 (14.80%) | 24 (29.60%) | |
| No. of cigarettes consumed per day by an active smoker (pcs) | 257 (100%) | 46 (100%) | |
| 0 | 212 (82.50%) | 22 (47.80%) | <0.01 |
| >0~≤16 | 25 (9.70%) | 13 (28.30%) | |
| >16 | 20 (7.80%) | 11 (23.90%) | |
| Duration active smoker (years) | 257 (100%) | 46 (100%) | |
| 0 | 212 (82.50%) | 22 (47.80%) | |
| >0~≤23 | 24 (9.30%) | 11 (23.90%) | <0.01 |
| >23 | 21 (8.20%) | 13 (28.30%) | |
| Pack-year of active smoker | 257 (100%) | 46 (100%) | |
| 0 | 212 (82.50%) | 22 (47.80%) | |
| >0~<20 | 28 (10.90%) | 10 (21.70%) | <0.01 |
| >20 | 17 (6.60%) | 14 (30.50%) | |
| No. of cigarettes per day generating SHS exposure (pcs) | 259 (100%) | 57 (100%) | |
| 0 | 212 (81.8%) | 22 (38.6%) | <0.01 |
| >0~≤20 | 38 (14.7%) | 24 (42.1%) | |
| >20 | 9 (3.5%) | 11 (19.3%) | |
| Duration of exposure to SHS (years) | 259 (100%) | 57 (100%) | |
| 0 | 212 (81.8%) | 22 (38.6%) | |
| >0~≤31.50 | 30 (11.6%) | 11 (19.3%) | <0.01 |
| >31.50 | 17 (6.6%) | 24 (42.1%) | |
| Pack-year of SHS exposure | 259 (100%) | 57 (100%) | |
| 0 | 212 (81.90%) | 22 (38.60%) | |
| >0~≤26.5 | 31 (12.00%) | 10 (17.5%) | <0.01 |
| >26.5 | 16 (6.10%) | 25 (43.9%) |
Note: The X2 test was used to compare between groups; SHS, second-hand smoke; pcs = pieces.