Table 1.
Descriptive analysis of participants’ characteristics (n = 1276).
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | n (%) a | Lifestyle Behaviors and Self-Reported Changes Since the Pandemic | n (%) a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Mean (SD), years | 45.0 (17.0) | Drinks alcohol | |
| 18–30 | 324 (25.4) | Yes | 562 (58.2) |
| 31–50 | 489 (38.3) | No | 404 (41.8) |
| 51–65 | 264 (20.7) | Reported change in alcohol use | |
| >65 | 199 (15.6) | Increased | 218 (39.5) |
| Gender | Decreased | 87 (15.8) | |
| Male | 724 (57.5) | Stayed the same | 247 (44.8) |
| Female | 517 (41.0) | Vaping frequency | |
| Race/Ethnicity | Daily | 108 (11.3) | |
| White | 623 (50.2) | Less than Daily | 64 (6.7) |
| Black | 238 (19.2) | Not at all | 788 (82.0) |
| Hispanic | 181 (14.6) | Reported change in vaping frequency | |
| Asian | 35 (2.8) | Increased | 78 (45.9) |
| Other | 165 (13.3) | Decreased | 31 (18.2) |
| Education | Stayed the same | 61 (35.9) | |
| Not college educated | 263 (21.0) | Tobacco smoking frequency | |
| College educated | 988 (79.0) | Daily | 181 (19.0) |
| Marital status | Less than daily | 61 (6.4) | |
| Unmarried | 613 (48.8) | Not at all | 713 (74.7) |
| Married | 644 (51.2) | Reported change in tobacco smoking frequency | |
| Annual household income | Increased | 98 (41.0) | |
| Less than $25 K | 185 (19.0) | Decreased | 48 (20.1) |
| $25 K to $74 K | 382 (39.3) | Stayed the same | 93 (38.9) |
| $75 K or more | 406 (41.7) | Increase in PA frequency | |
| Number of household residents | 1 = Strongly Disagree | 718 (18.6) | |
| 1 | 251 (20.1) | 2 = Disagree | 224 (23.4) |
| 2 | 408 (32.6) | 3 = Neutral | 237 (24.8) |
| 3–4 | 433 (34.6) | 4 = Agree | 205 (21.4) |
| 5 or more | 158 (12.6) | 5 = Strongly Agree | 113 (11.8) |
| Lives with someone > age 65 | Increase in healthy eating | ||
| Yes | 281 (28.1) | 1 = Strongly disagree | 75 (7.8) |
| No | 720 (71.9) | 2 = Disagree | 213 (22.3) |
| Lives with someone < age 18 | 3 = Neutral | 324 (33.9) | |
| Yes | 452 (45.3) | 4 = Agree | 243 (25.4) |
| No | 546 (54.7) | 5 = Strongly agree | 102 (10.7) |
| Work status | Mental Health | ||
| Working full-time | 460 (47.2) | Anxiety b | |
| Working part-time | 128 (13.1) | T-score, mean (SE) | 58.9 (10.6) |
| Retired | 165 (16.9) | Case | 423 (47.7) |
| Unemployed | 221 (22.7) | Not a case | 464 (52.3) |
| Living arrangement | Depression b | ||
| Lives alone | 229 (18.6) | T-score, mean (SE) | 56.1 (10.1) |
| Lives with spouse/partner | 679 (55.3) | Case | 347 (39.1) |
| Lives with a family member | 274 (22.3) | Not a case | 541 (60.9) |
| Lives with a non-family member | 47 (3.8) | ||
| US region of residence | COVID-19 mitigation behaviors | ||
| Northeast | 205 (21.5) | Area of residence under stay-at-home order | |
| Midwest | 200 (21.0) | Yes | 803 (82.8) |
| South | 365 (38.3) | No | 143 (14.7) |
| West | 184 (19.3) | Stay-at-home adherence c | |
| Continuing life as normal | 10 (1.3) | ||
| Stay at home besides essential trips | 269 (33.5) | ||
| Social distancing adherence d | |||
| No social distancing | 14 (1.5) | ||
| Complete social distancing | 299 (31.9) | ||
| Hand hygiene/sanitization adherence e | |||
| Never | 12 (1.3) | ||
| Every few hours | 327 (34.9) | ||
a “Missing” was shown for reference. Missing data was not included in statistical analyses. b Individuals categorized as having depression or anxiety met the criteria for “caseness” (T-score > 60) on the PROMIS 4-item short-form depression and anxiety measures. c “Continuing life as normal” is 0 on 0 to 10 scale, “stay at home besides essential trips” is 10 on 0 to 10 scale. d “No social distancing” is 0 on 0 to 10 scale, “complete social distancing” is 10 on 0 to 10 scale. e “never” is 0 on 0 to 10 scale, “every few hours” is 10 on 0 to 10 scale.