Table 1.

Summary of the main effects of different treatments (i.e., behavioral strategies, bright light therapy, CPAP) on sleep, cognition and behaviour reported in the studies included in this review.

Treatment	Sample	Key Findings on Sleep	Key Findings on Cognition or Behaviour	Reference in the Text
Behavioral strategies	Cognitively healthy elderly	-Increased SWS; -Increase in sleep duration; -Improvement in sleep efficiency; -Decreased intra-sleep awakenings; -Decreased minutes awake during the night	-Decreased agitation	Naylor et al., 2012 [78]; Alessi et al., 1999 [79]; Martin et al., 2017 [80]
	MCI patients	-Improvement in sleep quality	-Improvement in processing speed domain	Wang et al., 2020 [81]
Bright Light Therapy	Cognitively healthy elderly	-More stable rest activity and less fragmented sleep	-Fragmented sleep and longer sleep duration were indicative of worse cognitive performance	Juda et al., 2020 [85]
	MCI	-Improvement in sleep quality and in the main circadian rhythms	-Improvement in general cognitive capabilities	Rubiño et al., 2020 [86]
	AD		-Increased agitation	Barrick et al., 2010 [87]
CPAP	OSA with AD	-Improvement in subjective sleep quality; -Lower percentage of N1; - Higher percentage of N2; -Decreased intra-sleep awakenings and -arousals; -Increased N3 percentage	-Improvements in the domains of: verbal episodic learning, memory and executive functions (cognitive flexibility and mental processing speed); -Slowing in cognitive decline	Ancoli-Israel et al., 2008 [93]; Cooke et al., 2009a [94]; Cooke et al., 2009b [95]; Troussière et al., 2014 [99]
	OSA without AD	-Beneficial effects on daytime sleepiness	-Improvement in executive and frontal functions and episodic verbal memory domain	Kushida et al., 2012 [102]; Rosenzweig et al., 2016 [103]

Abbreviations: MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s Disease; CPAP, Continuous positive Air Pressure; OSA, Obstructive Sleep Apnoea; SWS, slow wave sleep.