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Bidirectional Nucleus–cytoplasm Transport. In the classical pathway of import (importin α/β), the importins and cargo complex are formed through the recognition of the NLS (nuclear location sequence). In the case of Export via CRM-1, the charge contains an NES (nuclear export sequence). In both cases, a GTP gradient is required. Molecules <40 kDa pass through passive diffusion towards the nucleus by the NPC.
