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. 2021 Apr 16;10(4):919. doi: 10.3390/cells10040919

Figure 1.

Figure 1

T2DM-SMC exhibit senescent features. (a) SMC were cultured in full growth medium for 48 h, fixed and stained for senescence-associated β-galactosidase (blue precipitate, scale bar = 200 μm, n = 7). (b) RNA was extracted from cells cultured for 24 h and expression of senescence-associated markers IL-1α and (c) LMNB1 measured by RT-PCR (n = 8). (d) SMC were cultured in full growth medium for 48 h, fixed and incubated with NucView 488 caspase 3 substrate (to indicate apoptotic cells, n = 4), (e) stained for early DNA damage marker γH2AX (pink foci, scale bar = 100 μm, n = 8), and (f) DAPI to visualise aberrant nuclei (denoted by asterisk, scale bar = 50 μm, n = 8). Basal expression of senescence-associated inflammatory genes (g) IL-6, (h) IL-8 and (i) MCP-1 was measured using RT-PCR (all n = 8).