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(a) Release of HTN3 from CNs at different pH values. The highest extent of release and most rapid release was observed at pH 3, and there was minimal release at pH 6.8. On average, at pH 3, the CNs were able to release 84% ± 7% of the encapsulated protein, 58% ± 9% at pH 4, 36% ± 3% at pH 5, and 2% ± 2% at pH 6.8. (b) pH cycling release results show that the CNs can adapt to environmental pH changes and can release protein selectively at pH 4 over 3 pH cycles.
