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. 2021 Apr 16;26(8):2320. doi: 10.3390/molecules26082320

Figure 1.

Figure 1

LPA stimulation of MCP-1 and the role of the TGFBR1 transactivation pathway. (A) VSMCs were treated with LPA (10 µM) over an 8 h time course. (B) VSMCs were pre-incubated with 3 μM SB 431,542 for 30 min before treatment with LPA (10 µM) for 2 h. Total RNA was harvested and assessed by qRT-PCR analysis. 18S was used as a house keeping gene. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by least significant difference post-hoc analysis. ** p < 0.01 versus basal; ## p < 0.01 versus LPA only treated samples.