Table 1.
Mean biological characteristics of injected platelet-rich plasma.
| Biological Characteristics | Mean ± SD | Min-Max | Coefficient of Variation (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injected Volume (mL) | 6.77 ± 1.43 | 5.00–9.00 | 21.04 |
| Increase factor in platelets | 1.82 ± 0.30 | 0.86–2.65 | 16.35 |
| Increase factor in leucocytes | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.003–0.540 | 76.20 |
| Recovery rate in platelets (%) | 85.15 ± 10.05 | 62.30–103.00 | 11.80 |
| Sterility (%) | 100 | 100 | 0 |
| Relative composition | |||
| Platelets (%) | 95.46 ± 2.01 | 89.40–98.67 | 2.11 |
| Leucocytes (%) | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.01–0.58 | 73.27 |
| Red blood cells (%) | 4.35 ± 1.96 | 1.31–10.07 | 45.03 |
| Absolute composition | |||
| Platelets dose injected (billion, 109) | 2.87 ± 0.88 | 0.91–4.45 | 30.63 |
| Leucocytes dose injected (million, 106) | 6.06 ± 5.44 | 0.10–27.65 | 52.57 |
| Red blood cells dose injected (billion, 109) | 0.13 ± 0.07 | 0.05–0.33 | 53.48 |
| Platelets relative parameters | |||
| Immature Platelet Fraction (%) | 3.44 ± 1.83 | 1.00–9.00 | 53.20 |
| Immature platelets (billion, 109) | 0.10 ± 0.06 | 0.02–0.27 | 52.57 |
| Mean platelets volume (fL) | 10.14 ± 0.68 | 8.80–12.00 | 53.48 |
| Growth factors * | |||
| Inflammatory | |||
| TNF-α (pg) | 141.6 ± 68.56 | 35.75–387.8 | 48.41 |
| IL-6 (pg) | Not detectable | Not detectable | Not detectable |
| IFN-g (pg) | Not detectable | Not detectable | Not detectable |
| Anti inflammatory | |||
| IL-1Ra (pg) | 164.0 ± 267.9 | 0.0–1125.0 | 163.34 |
| IL-10 (pg) | Not detectable | Not detectable | Not detectable |
| Regenerative | |||
| PDGF AB BB (fg) | 228.4 ± 100.4 | 69.6 ± 469.3 | 43.94 |
| VEGF (pg) | 451.6 ± 421.6 | 0.0–1476 | 93.34 |
| EGF (pg) | 1231 ± 721.0 | 138.8–4334 | 58.59 |
| FGF-2 (pg) ** | 1157 ± 1173 | 0.0–4164.0 | 101.34 |
| TGF-β1 (fg) | 361.2 ± 107.6 | 154.3 ± 675.1 | 29.79 |
* performed on 43 patients; ** performed on 22 patients; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, IL: interleukin, IFN-g: Interferon gamma, IL1Ra: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, EGF: epidermal growth factor, FGF2: fibroblast growth factor 2, TGF-β1: transforming growth factor β1.