Table 1:
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of survey respondents, U.S. high schoolers with migraine; n=503 whose high schools start at 8:30 AM or later vs. n=509 who start before 8:30 AM
| Before 8:30 AM (n=509) |
8:30 AM or Later (n=503) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics: | |||
| Age, years, mean (SD); (range) | 16.5 (1.1); (13-19) | 16.4 (1.3); (13-19) | 0.374 |
| Grade; n (%) | |||
| 9th | 64 (12.6%) | 63 (12.5%) | <0.001 |
| 10th | 122 (24.0%) | 113 (22.5%) | |
| 11th | 153 (30.1%) | 252 (50.1%) | |
| 12th | 170 (33.4%) | 75 (14.9%) | |
| Sex assigned at birth; n (%) | |||
| Male | 194 (38.1%) | 221 (43.9%) | 0.060 |
| Female | 315 (61.9%) | 282 (56.1%) | |
| Gender identity; n (%) | |||
| Male | 196 (38.5%) | 222 (44.1%) | 0.069 |
| Female | 313 (61.5%) | 281 (55.9%) | |
| Geographic distribution, n (%) | |||
| Northeast | 94 (18.5%) | 119 (23.7%) | <0.001 |
| Southeast | 85 (16.7%) | 147 (29.2%) | |
| Midwest | 61 (12.0%) | 85 (16.9%) | |
| Southwest | 39 (7.7%) | 62 (12.3%) | |
| West | 230 (45.2%) | 90 (17.9%) | |
| Income* for zip code in which respondent resides; mean (SD) | $95,000 ($93,000) (n=473) |
$89,000 ($88,000) (n=447) |
0.280 |
| Migraine: | |||
| Headache days in the last month; mean (SD), median (IQR) | 7.7 (6.1), 6.0 (3.0-10.0) |
4.8 (4.6), 3.0 (2.0-6.0) |
<0.001 |
| Had a headache on day of survey completion; n (%) | 273 (53.6%) (n=502) |
240 (47.7%) (n=497) |
0.054 |
| Had ≥15 headache days in the last month; n (%) | 70 (13.8%) | 30 (6.0%) | <0.001 |
| Days of acute headache medication use in the last month; mean (SD) | 4.7 (4.9) | 3.2 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| Currently on a migraine preventive; n (%) | 142 (27.9%) | 197 (39.2%) | <0.001 |
| PedMIDAS score; mean (SD) | 43.3 (41.2) | 36.7 (33.2) | 0.005 |
| School: | |||
| Mean school start time | 7:56 AM | 8:43 AM | NA |
| Attend a public high school; n (%) | 386 (75.8%) | 407 (80.9%) | 0.050 |
| Hours of homework on a typical school night; mean (SD) | 2.5 (1.4) (n=508) |
1.7 (0.7) (n=503) |
<0.001 |
| Sleep: | |||
| Typical bedtime on a school night (mean) | 10:58 PM | 10:19 PM | <0.001 |
| Typical bedtime on a weekend night (mean) | 11:30 PM | 11:15 PM | 0.006 |
| Typical wake-up time on a school day (mean) | 6:25 AM | 7:11 AM | <0.001 |
| Typical wake-up time on a weekend day (mean) | 8:45 AM | 9:03 AM | <0.001 |
| Sleep midpoint variability (minutes); median (range) | 80 (0-360) | 75 (0-360) | 0.956 |
| Total hours of sleep on a typical school night; mean (SD) | 6.9 (1.3) | 7.9 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Total hours of sleep on a typical weekend night; mean (SD) | 9.3 (1.6) | 9.8 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Students who get at least 8 hours of sleep on an average school night; n (%) | 168 (33.0%) | 280 (55.7%) | <0.001 |
| Morning routine: | |||
| Time of leaving home needed to reach school on time; mean | 7:15 AM | 8:02 AM | <0.001 |
| Duration of commute to school (minutes); mean (SD) | 24.4 (15.4) | 24.2 (9.9) | 0.842 |
| Miss breakfast at least once during a 5-day school week; n (%) | 335 (65.8%) | 365 (72.6%) | 0.020 |
| Average number of missed breakfasts in a 5-day school week; mean (SD) | 2.3 (2.0) | 1.6 (1.5) | <0.001 |
SD=Standard deviation; IQR=Interquartile range; PedMIDAS=Pediatric Migraine Disability Score; NA=Not applicable.
*
Mean (SD) income is rounded to the nearest $1,000.