Table 3.
Studies measuring appendicular skeletal muscle mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance in patients with chronic liver disease.
| Modality | Author (Year) | Country | Number of Subjects | Study Population | Measurement Method | Cutoff for Sarcopenia | Method of Determining Cutoff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DXA | Giusto (2015) [45] | Italy | 139 | LT candidates | ASMI | 7.26 kg/m2 for men 5.45 kg/m2 for women |
Baumgartner [30] (2 SD below the sex-specific mean value) |
| Bering (2018) [73] | Brazil | 104 | Chronic hepatitis C | ASMI | 7.26 kg/m2 for men 5.45 kg/m2 for women |
EWGSOP1 | |
| Belarmino (2018) [74] | Brazil | 144 | Male cirrhotic patients with ascites | ASMI | 7.26 kg/m2 | EWGSOP1 | |
| Alferink (2019) [75] | Netherland | 4609 | Participants from The Rotterdam Study | ASMI | 7.25 kg/m2 for men 5.67 kg/m2 for women |
EWGSOP1 | |
| Sinclair (2019) [68] | Australia | 420 | Male advanced cirrhosis patients | (1) ASMI (2) Upper limb muscle |
(1) 7.26 kg/m2
(2) 1.6 kg/m2 |
(1) Baumgartner [30] (2) Mortality-based |
|
| Lindqvist (2019) [66] | Sweden | 53 | LT recipients | ASMI | 7.59 kg/m2 for men 5.47 kg/m2 for women |
Coin (1 SD below the mean in the young population) [67] |
|
| Lee (2016) [18] | Korea | 2761 | NAFLD subjects defined by NAFLD liver fat score | ASM/BMI | 0.789 for men 0.521 for women |
FNIH | |
| Han (2020) [70] | Korea | 7191 | NAFLD subjects defined by NAFLD prediction models | ASM/BMI | 0.882 for men 0.582 for women |
Lowest quintile | |
| Golabi (2020) [71] | USA | 4611 | NAFLD subjects defined by fatty liver index | ASM/BMI | 0.789 for men 0.521 for women |
FNIH | |
| Santos (2021) [72] | Brazil | 210 | Cirrhotic patients | Upper limb muscle/height2 | 2.104 for men 1.506 for women |
ROC curve for mortality | |
| BIA | Nishikawa (2017) [76] | Japan | 382 | Liver cirrhosis | ASMI | 7.0 kg/m2 for men 5.7 kg/m2 for women |
AWGS and JSH definition |
| Hanai (2017) [77] | Japan | 120 | Liver cirrhosis | ASMI | 7.0 kg/m2 for men 5.7 kg/m2 for women |
AWGS and JSH definition | |
| Hayashi (2018) [78] | Japan | 112 | Chronic liver disease | ASMI | 7.0 kg/m2 for men 5.7 kg/m2 for women |
AWGS and JSH definition | |
| Kim (2020) [79] | Korea | 2168 | Chronic liver disease who underwent transient elastography | ASM/BMI | 0.789 for men 0.521 for women |
FNIH | |
| Seo (2020) [80] | Korea | 4210 | Men with Type 2 DM | (ASM/body weight) × 100 ASM/BMI |
29.0% for men 22.9% for women 0.789 for men 0.521 for women |
2 SD below the sex-specific means for in healthy young adults FNIH |
|
| Petta (2017) [81] | Italy | 225 | NAFLD | (ASM/body weight) × 100 | 37% for men 28% for women |
Janssen |
Abbreviations: ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle; ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle index; AWGS, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; EWGSOP, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; FNIH, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; JSH, Japan Society of Hepatology; LT, liver transplantation; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ROC, receiver operating characteristics; SD, standard deviation.