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Effect of Spirulina on nocifensive behavior induced by menthol (panel A), cinnamaldehyde (panel B), and capsaicin (panel C). Each column represents the mean ± SEM of 7–12 animals/group, with a black dot showing individual mice. Asterisks denote the levels of significance compared to the control group (Veh). ** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05 using one-way ANOVA.
