Table 2.
RSV epidemiology in countries of tropical Africa.
| Country | Reference | Study Years | Age Group | Sample Size | RSV Positivity | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burkina Faso | [51] c | 2010–2011 | <3 years g,h,I,j | 209 | 10.5% | Epidemics September–October |
| Cameroon | [52] | 2018 | <2 years | 100 | 33% | Did not discuss |
| Cote d’Ivoire | [53] b | 2009–2010 | <5 years h,I,j | 470 | 24% | Did not discuss |
| Ethiopia | [54] | 2015–2016 | Not noted | 422 | 12.8% | Did not discuss |
| The Gambia | [55] b | 2015 | 2–23 months g,h,j | 519 | 47% | All year round |
| Ghana | [56] | 2015–2016 | <5 years | 176 | 11.4% | Did not discuss |
| Ghana | [57] | 2013–2014 | <5 years | 552 | 23% | June–December |
| Kenya | [58] b | 2009–2010 | Households with infants h,i,j,k | 16,928 | 3.2% | January–May, peak March |
| Kenya | [59] b | 2002–2004 | <5 years h,I,j | 2143 | 7.7% | Did not discuss |
| Kenya | [60] c | 2006–2018 | <5 years g,h,I,j | 31,722 | 14% | Varies by county |
| Kenya | [61] c | 2015 | <2 years g,j | 234 | 8.1% | Did not discuss |
| Madagascar | [62] | 2011–2018 | <5 years | 1613 | 30% | Peak: March |
| Madagascar | [63] d | 2011–2017 | <5 years g,h,I,j | 671 | 43.5% | Did not discuss |
| Madagascar | [64] b | 2010–2013 | <5 years g,j | 876 | 37.7% | Circulates year round, timing of epidemics varies |
| Madagascar | [65] c | 2010–2011 | 2–59 months h,I,j | 295 | 11.8% | Seasonal variation, increased cases November–February |
| Madagascar | [66] b | 2008–2009 | All ages h,I,j | 313 | 21.2% | February–May, peak March |
| Malawi | [67] b | 2011–2014 | 3 months–14 years g,h,I,j | 2363 | 11.9% | Peaks January–March |
| Mozambique | [68] c | 1998–2000 | <1 yr h,j, <5 years g,j |
5635 1307 |
10.6% 8.6% |
January–April, peak March |
| Nigeria | [69] | 2018 | <5 years | 106 | 33% | Did not discuss |
| Réunion Island | [70] d | 2011–2012 | All ages h,I,j | 222 | 2.7% | Detected only during summer months |
a Prospective case-controlled study; b Surveillance study; c Prospective cross sectional study; d Retrospective study; e Case series; f Prospective cohort study; g Hospitalized; h ambulatory; I upper respiratory symptoms; j lower respiratory symptoms; k asymptomatic.