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. 2021 Apr 16;11(4):1142. doi: 10.3390/ani11041142

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Panel of Caspase-3 immune-histochemical (IHC) pictures (×400). Degree of caspase staining were referred to as mild staining (+), moderate staining (++), and strong staining (+++). (A) control group (NG) testicular tissue showing mild cytoplasmic reactivity (+) for Caspase-3 in basal tubular lining, spermatogonia (red arrow), and primary spermatocytes; (B) Cisplatin-treated group (CG) with more cytoplasmic reactivity (+++) for Caspase-3 in tubular lining from spermatogonia (red arrow) up to spermatids; (C) Cisplatin+ beetroot extract treated group (CBG) with mild cytoplasmic reactivity (++) for Caspase-3 in tubular lining, from spermatogonia (red arrows) up to spermatids, and in interstitial cells; (D) Cisplatin+ mesenchymal stem cells treated group (CMG) showing mild cytoplasmic reactivity (++) for Caspase-3 in tubular lining from spermatogonia (red arrow) up to spermatids, and in interstitial cells; (E) Cisplatin+ mesenchymal stem cells+ beetroot extract treated group (CMBG) figuring low nuclear reactivity (+) for Caspase-3 in tubular lining from spermatogonia (red arrow) up to spermatids, and in interstitial cells.