Table 1.

Studies using sniffer dog detection of urinary VOCs.

Study	Population	Main Results
Amundsen T. 2014 [20]	Lung cancer (77)	Sensitivity: 60% Specificity: 29.2%
Mazzola S.M. 2020 [21]	Lung cancer (140), Controls (194)	Sensitivity: 45–73% Specificity: 89–91%