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. 2021 Apr 26;19:170. doi: 10.1186/s12967-021-02825-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — LDHA is up-regulated in NSCLC tissues and correlated with enhanced glycolysis and tumor microenvironment. a Using GEPIA browser online, mRNA levels of LDHA are overexpressed in both lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) (p < 0.05). b mRNA level of LDHA is positively correlated with tumor stage in patients with LUAD (p < 0.01). c LDHA mRNA level is not significantly correlated with tumor stage in patients with LUSC (p = 0.46). d, e LDHA protein levels are overexpressed in both LUAD and LUSC tissues (35 patients), the histo-scores of LDHA was calculated by adding the score for the percentage of positive cells (0–100%) and the staining intensity scores (p < 0.05). f, g Using GEPIA browser online, LDHA expression is positively associated with HIF1A and GLUT-1(also named SLC2A1) (p < 0.05). h, i Using GSEA analysis, high LDHA expression in lung cancer tissues is positively correlated with hallmark gene sets of glycolysis and hypoxia (p < 0.05)