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. 2021 Apr 26;19:170. doi: 10.1186/s12967-021-02825-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Combination of LDHA inhibition and IR induces both apoptosis and autophagy. a–c LDHA inhibition significantly promotes cell apoptosis after treatment with 6 Gy X-ray irradiation for 24 h. d Using MD/PI double staining, autophagy was detected in A549 cells after oxamate treatment, and interacted with apoptosis induced by irradiation. Autophagosomes appear bright green fluorescence and apoptotic nucleus appear red fluorescence. Error bars represent ± SD of N = 3 experiments, *p < 0.05, compared to the control group; ^#p < 0.05, compared to the irradiation group