Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and prevalence of child undernutrition by characteristics.
| Characteristics | Observations | Anemia No. (%) | Stunting No. (%) | Wasting No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample | 1293 | 444 (33.36) | 141 (10.59) | 23 (1.73) | |
| Child characteristics | |||||
| Gender | Female | 622 | 200 (32.21) | 61 (9.82) | 14 (2.25) |
| Male | 671 | 231 (34.48) | 76 (11.33) | 9 (1.34) | |
| Ethnicity | Minority | 1145 | 372 (32.52) | 119 (10.40) | 22 (1.92) |
| Han | 147 | 59 (40.41) | 18 (12.24) | 1 (0.68) | |
| Age | 3 years old | 520 | 159 (30.58) a | 49 (9.42) | 5 (0.96) a |
| 5 years old | 628 | 237 (37.80) a | 71 (11.31) | 17 (2.71) a | |
| Low birth weight | Yes (<2.5 kg) | 87 | 29 (32.22) | 20 (22.22) a | 5 (5.56) a |
| No (≥2.5 kg) | 1187 | 408 (33.42) | 119 (9.74) a | 17 (1.39) a | |
| Breastfeeding | Inadequate (<6 months) | 439 | 162 (36) | 48 (10.67) | 10 (2.22) |
| Optimal (≥6 months) | 854 | 286 (32.01) | 93 (10.54) | 13 (1.47) | |
| Left-behind status | Both parents around | 354 | 126 (34.62) | 37 (10.14) | 5 (1.37) |
| One parent out | 248 | 75 (29.30) | 32 (12.5) | 5 (1.95) | |
| Both parents out | 615 | 216 (34.18) | 65 (10.28) | 11 (1.74) | |
| Parent characteristics | |||||
| Father’s education | Junior high school or below | 1050 | 377 (34.91) a | 122 (11.29) | 20 (1.85) |
| Senior high school or above | 243 | 67 (26.69) a | 19 (7.57) | 3 (1.20) | |
| Mother’s education | Junior high school or below | 982 | 331 (32.80) | 105 (10.41) | 19 (1.88) |
| Senior high school or above | 311 | 113 (35.09) | 36 (11.16) | 4 (1.24) | |
| Caregiver characteristics | |||||
| Caregiver’s nutrition knowledge | Above average score | 710 | 239 (32.69) | 58 (11.34) | 13 (1.78) |
| Below average score | 583 | 205 (34.17) | 83 (9.67) | 10 (1.67) | |
| Caregiver’s parenting style | Above average score | 692 | 237 (33.24) | 70 (9.82) | 11 (1.54) |
| Below average score | 601 | 207 (33.50) | 71 (11.47) | 12 (1.94) | |
| Household characteristics | |||||
| Household size | Small size (≤3 people) | 5 | 2 (40) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Medium size (4 people) | 8 | 1 (11.11) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Large size (≥5 people) | 1280 | 441 (33.49) | 141 (10.70) | 23 (1.75) | |
| Siblings | No sibling | 396 | 138 (33.82) | 38 (9.31) | 4 (0.98) |
| With siblings | 897 | 306 (33.15) | 103 (11.15) | 19 (2.06) | |
| Household durable asset | The lowest 1/3 quantile | 432 | 151 (34.95) | 57 (13.19) | 8 (1.85) |
| The middle 1/3 quantile | 486 | 171 (35.26) | 49 (10.10) | 7 (1.44) | |
| The highest 1/3 quantile | 375 | 109 (29.14) | 31 (8.27) b | 8 (2.13) | |
Source: authors’ survey. Note: a Significantly different from the other group; b Significantly different from the lowest quantile group. The sample sizes for the analysis are different for different variables, depending on data availability.