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. 2021 Apr 20;13(4):712. doi: 10.3390/v13040712

Figure 3.

Figure 3

(E)-Guggulsterone upregulates Nrf2 for HO-1 expression. (E)-Guggulsterone enhances cytoplasmic Nrf2 expression and Nrf2 nuclear translocation. (a) DENV-infected cells were treated with two different concentrations of (E)-guggulsterone (10 and 20 μM). The cytoplasmic and nuclear lysates were extracted separately, and Western blotting was performed using anti-Nrf2, anti-Tubulin, and anti-Histone H1 antibodies. Protein concentrations were quantified using densitometric analysis. (b) The (E)-guggulsterone stimulated ARE transactivation in a concentration-dependent manner. Huh-7 cells were transfected with the reporter plasmid p3xARE-Luc and infected with DENV for 2 h, followed by treatment with the indicated concentration of (E)-guggulsterone for 3 days. The relative induction of promoter activity was determined using a luciferase assay. The results are presented as fold activation compared to the DENV-infected cells, with 0.1% DMSO treatment defined as “0”. The error bars for treatment denote the mean ± SD of three independent experiments (n = 3). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.