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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 26.
Published in final edited form as: Neurochem Int. 2019 Dec 12;133:104642. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104642

Fig. 1: DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation.

Fig. 1:

DNA methylation occurs through the addition of a methyl (CH3) group to the cytosine of DNA by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) to produce 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). DNA methylation leads to densely packed heterochromatin that is consistent with gene inactivation. 5-mC can subsequently be converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases. Hydroxymethylation loosens chromatin to promote gene activation.

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