Table 1.
Therapeutic Potential of Epigenetic Modulators in Alzheimer’s Disease
| Model | Therapeutic Potential | Modification | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neuroblastoma Cells | SAM reduces vitamin B12/folate deficiency-induced overexpression of PS1 and BACE | DNA methylation | Fuso et al., 2005 |
| Neuroblastoma Cells | SAM reduces PS1 expression and Aβ plaques | DNA methylation | Scarpa et al., 2003 |
| TgCRND8 mice | SAM+SOD reduced vitamin B deficiency-induced AD features | DNA methylation | Cavallaro et al., 2017 |
| AD Humans | SAM reduces inflammation in AD patients and improves MMSE | DNA methylation | Chen et al., 2016 |
| CK-p25 mice | shRNA knockdown of HDAC2 reduces memory impairment | Histone acetylation | Graff et al., 2012 |
| Tg2576 mice | 4-PBA reverses brain hypoacetylation and reduces phosphorylated tau | Histone acetylation | Ricobaraza et al., 2009 |
| Tg2576 mice | Caloric restriction and NAD+ treatment is neuroprotective via α-secretase | Histone acetylation | Qin et al., 2006 |
| 3xTg-AD mice | Nicotinamide reduces phosphor-species of tau (Thr231) and improves memory | Histone acetylation | Green et al., 2008 |
| rTg4510 mice | AK1 is non-toxic and potentially neuroprotective | Histone acetylation | Spires-Jones et al., 2012 |
| APPPS-21 mice | MiR-34c seed inhibitors reverse memory deficit | MiRNA | Zovoilis et al., 2011 |
| Hippocampal Neurons | MiR-34c transfection reduces dendritic length and density | MiRNA | Kao et al., 2018 |
| Neuroblastoma | MiR-195 overexpression reduces Aβ-induced cytotoxicity | MiRNA | Zhu et al., 2012 |
| Hippocampal Neurons | Lentiviral overexpression of miR-101 decreases APP and Aβ | MiRNA | Vilardo et al., 2010 |
| AD PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons | miR-16 mimic targets APP and reduces Aβ-induced cytotoxicity | MiRNA | Zhang et al., 2015 |
| APP/PS1 mice | Lentiviral overexpression of miR-124 improves behavior through BACE1 | MiRNA | Du et al., 2017 |
| HEK293T | LNA inhibition of miR-485–5p or overexpression of BACE1-AS increase BACE1 levels | MiRNA, lncRNA | Faghihi et al., 2010 |
| Human plasma | Biomarker technique of 2 miRNAs identify AD with 95% specificity | MiRNA | Kumar et al., 2013 |
| Human serum exosomes | Biomarker panel of 16 miRNAs identify AD with 87% sensitivity | MiRNA | Cheng et al., 2015 |
| Neuroblastoma Cells | NEAT1 knockdown reduces AB-induced apoptosis and p-Tau levels | LncRNA | Ke et al., 2019 |