Fig. 3.

Illustrative example of informative missingness. A simulated correlation between p-mtDNA levels and FEV₁% predicted in the true population (a) in the hypothetical, ideal situation where all participants had complete follow-up (b) in the hypothetical, more likely situation where patients with worse FEV₁% were also less likely to have complete follow-up. Black dots represent complete cases, red dots indicate cases lost to follow-up