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. 2021 Apr 20;12(4):465. doi: 10.3390/mi12040465

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(a) Array and locally amplified microhelical micromachines printed by TPP. Magnetic material (Ni/Ti) thin bilayers were deposited on the surface of the polymer helical micromachine by electron beam (e-beam) evaporation for magnetic actuation and improvement of surface biocompatibility. Scale bars: 10 μm and 2 μm. Reproduced with permission from [41], Copyright © 2012, Wiley. (b) Time-lapse photo of the controlled actuation of a functional artificial bacterial flagellum (f-ABF) to the target cell (cell 3, the contour is circled in red). Cell 3 was under cell division and was considered as one single cell in this case. Cell 2 and cell 4 are blurred in the image due to the drift of cells in the medium during the time-lapse image. The movement of the f-ABF is marked with blue rectangles. The interval of each movement was 4 s. The inset shows f-ABF in contact with cell 3. Reproduced with permission from [69], Copyright © 2015, Wiley. (c) 3D printed microcapsule (top) and microsyringe (bottom) functioning with the same reciprocating mechanism. Such a microcapsule can be used for spatiotemporally controlled delivery of therapeutic agents driven by magnetic field. The scale bar is 20 µm. Reproduced with permission from [70], Copyright © 2016, American Chemical Society. (d) Design, fabrication, SEM image, and magnetic control of 3D-printed microrobotic transporters. Scale bars: 10 μm. Reproduced with permission from [71], Copyright © 2019, Wiley. (e) Higher forward swimming capability of conical microhelices. Schematic of the actuation scheme, where M is the magnetic dipole moment of object, B is the external magnetic field, and T is the magnetic moment. Scale bars: 50 μm. Reproduced with permission from [72], Copyright © 2019 Wiley. (f) Images by fluorescence microscopy show the microtube rotation with the rotation of an external magnetic field. Time-lapse images show the motion of microtubes. Under the propelling and guiding of external magnetic field, a specific route of pattern “HI” is realized. Reproduced with permission from [73], Copyright © 2019, Wiley.