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. 2021 Apr 20;12(4):465. doi: 10.3390/mi12040465

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

(a) 3D TPP pNIPAM-based hetero-microstructures for heat-driven microactuator and the temperature dependence of five structures with different beam lengths prepared under identical fabrication conditions. Scale bars are 20 µm and 50 µm. Reproduced with permission from [96], Copyright © 2019, the authors. (b) 3D profiles and crossed polarized micrographs of the flower that depict indirect (triggered by heat) actuation. RH: relative humidity. Reproduced with permission from [97], Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.