Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of four groups according to family structure and social activity
| Overall n=937 | Not living alone and socially active n=419 | Not living alone and socially inactive n=390 | Living alone and socially active n=69 | Living alone and socially inactive n=59 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 73.5 (5.5) | 74.2 (5.3) | 72.7 (5.4) | 73.8 (5.6) | 72.7 (6.2) |
| Women, n (%) | 458 (48.9) | 231 (55.1) | 141 (36.2) | 52 (75.4) | 34 (57.6) |
| Height, mean (SD) | 160.4 (8.3) | 159.3 (7.8) | 162.5 (8.4) | 157.1 (8.7) | 158.5 (8.0) |
| Weight, mean (SD) | 57.9 (10.2) | 56.6 (9.7) | 60.3 (10.4) | 55.0 (9.7) | 54.9 (10.9) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 22.4 (2.8) | 22.2 (2.6) | 22.7 (2.8) | 22.2 (2.9) | 21.7 (3.2) |
| Underweight (<18.5), n (%) | 75 (8.0) | 36 (8.6) | 25 (6.4) | 5 (7.2) | 9 (15.3) |
| Lower health literacy, n %) | 419 (44.7) | 178 (42.5) | 173 (44.4) | 33 (47.8) | 35 (59.3) |
| Polypharmacy, n (%) | 140 (14.9) | 63 (15.0) | 63 (16.2) | 6 (8.7) | 8 (13.6) |
| Morbidity | |||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 305 (32.6) | 128 (30.5) | 140 (35.9) | 21 (30.4) | 16 (27.1) |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 127 (13.6) | 57 (13.6) | 50 (12.8) | 12 (17.4) | 8 (13.6) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 91 (9.7) | 30 (7.2) | 48 (12.3) | 6 (8.7) | 7 (11.9) |
| Cancer, n (%) | 51 (5.4) | 28 (6.7) | 16 (4.1) | 5 (7.2) | 2 (3.4) |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 48 (5.1) | 22 (5.3) | 19 (4.9) | 4 (5.8) | 3 (5.1) |
| Kidney disease, n (%) | 46 (4.9) | 27 (6.4) | 15 (3.8) | 2 (2.9) | 2 (3.4) |
| Orthopedic disease, n (%) | 40 (4.3) | 24 (5.7) | 14 (3.6) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.7) |
| Total PA time (minutes) | |||||
| January-2020, median (IQR) | 300 (120–540) | 330 (120–580) | 280 (105–540) | 360 (190–580) | 210 (120–360) |
| April-2020, median (IQR) | 200 (45–420) | 210 (60–450) | 200 (20–420) | 240 (90–540) | 120 (0–220) |
| August-2020, median (IQR) | 215 (60–450) | 230 (60–450) | 223 (60–450) | 300 (110–540) | 105 (0–240) |
| January-2021, median (IQR) | 180 (30–420) | 180 (30–420) | 200 (30–420) | 300 (60–540) | 80 (0–240) |
| KCL, mean (SD) | |||||
| January-2020, mean (SD) | 3.60 (1.98) | 3.28 (2.03) | 3.91 (1.87) | 3.13 (2.06) | 4.31 (1.67) |
| April-2020, mean (SD) | 4.84 (2.87) | 4.70 (2.89) | 4.86 (2.74) | 4.61 (3.03) | 5.93 (3.15) |
| Frail category, n (%) | |||||
| January-2020 | |||||
| Robust, n (%) | 453 (48.3) | 228 (54.4) | 165 (42.3) | 37 (53.6) | 23 (39.0) |
| Pre-frailty, n (%) | 484 (51.7) | 191 (45.6) | 225 (57.7) | 32 (46.4) | 36 (61.0) |
| Frailty, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| January-2021 | |||||
| Robust, n (%) | 342 (36.5) | 166 (39.6) | 137 (35.1) | 26 (37.7) | 13 (22.0) |
| Pre-frailty, n (%) | 445 (47.5) | 188 (44.9) | 193 (49.5) | 35 (50.7) | 29 (49.2) |
| Frailty, n (%) | 150 (16.0) | 65 (15.5) | 60 (15.4) | 8 (11.6) | 17 (28.8) |