Figure 2. Nano-adaptation is dependent on NM composition and inflammatory status of SAEC.

(A) Schematic to illustrate the conditioning and challenge (2Cs) experimental workflow and definition of the various possible nano-adaptive outcomes. (B) Determination of fraction of deposited NM over 24 h using the Harvard in vitro dosimetry method. An equivalent delivered dose of 0.135 μg/cm² was used for all the tested NM in this study. The corrected administered dose used for ZnO, CuO, MSWF, and Nano-CCP are 1, 0.8, 0.7, 14.6 μg/ml, respectively. Computed adaptation indices of (C) normal and (D) inflamed SAEC after multiple rounds of conditioning. Experiments were conducted in triplicates. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * denotes statistical significance between the NM conditioned and the untreated control group. *: p < 0.05.