Figure 7.

Impacts of previous heat stress conditions on the development of mean testes volumes of adult males. (a) Males exposed to control (n = 16), single- (n = 16), or double-heat stress (n = 17) conditions. (b) Males treated with control (n = 16) or heat stress (n = 34) conditions as larvae. (c) Males exposed to control (n = 16) or heat stress (n = 34) conditions as pupae. (d) Testes volumes of controls, and males exposed to heat stress as freshly eclosed immature, or 10(±2)-day old mature (n = 34) adults. Sizes were measured 1 and 26 days following heat stress treatment, standardized to the mature adult treatment. Dotted lines represent linked recovery treatments, which are not truly repeated measures. Sample sizes left to right: n = 17, 17, 17, 17, 17. Significance threshold: *** = p < 0.001. Inset, dark-field phase-contrast images of testes of mature adults from control (white) and heat stress (red) treatments.