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Downregulation of E-cadherin. EDA/EDAR signaling is downstream of epithelial WNT activation. EDA/EDAR signaling activates NF-κB, which in turn leads to the production of TGF-β2 by an as yet unknown mechanism. During the induction phase, TGF-β2 downregulates E-cadherin via the pSMAD pathway. E-cadherin downregulation leads to the migration of epidermal cells, which is a prerequisite for placode formation.
