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. 2021 Apr 12;9:661787. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661787

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Copyright © 2021 de Groot, Ulrich, Gho and Huisman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Requirements of bioengineered HF germs. (A) Isolation and expansion; epithelial HF stem cells (HFSCs) and mesenchymal dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are isolated from the HF during the anagen phase, after which HFSCs and DPCs are expanded in 2D culture. (B) Differentiation; HFSCs and DPCs are mixed together with ECM proteins and differentiated into spheres in 3D culture. (C) Bioengineering; HFSC- and DP-containing spheres are placed in an ECM scaffold or full skin equivalent to track HF neogenesis or are transplanted in vivo.