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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 26.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Sep 10;101(2):220–226. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.08.474

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics

Normal (N=55) Mildly Impaired (N=109) Moderately Impaired (N=170) Significance Entire Sample (N=334)

Age in Years 67.2 ± 15.9 68.1 ± 14.8 72.7 ± 13.0 Moderate > Mild (p=.02) and Normal (p=.03) 70.3 ± 14.3

Education (Years; N [%])
 Less Than High School 2 (4%) 9 (8%) 28 (17%) 39 (12%)
 Completed High School 9 (16%) 26 (24%) 53 (31%) 88 (26%)
 Some College 6 (10%) 16 (15%) 16 (9%) p=.01 38 (11%)
 Completed College 19 (35%) 36 (33%) 39 (23%)) 94 (28%)
 Graduate Degree 19 (35%) 22 (20%) 32 (19%) 73 (22%)
 Other 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (1%) 2 (1%)

Ethnicity (N [%])
 White 43 (78%) 67 (62%) 90 (53%) NS (p=.15) 200 (60%)
 Black 4 (7%) 12 (11%) 27 (16%) 43 (13%)
 Hispanic 3 (6%) 11(10%) 22 (13%) 36 (11%)
 Asian 4 (7%) 11 (10%) 20 (12%) 35 (10%)
 Other/Undisclosed 1 (2%) 8 (7%) 11 (6%) 20 (6%)

Gender (N [%])
 Male 32 (58%) 67 (61%) 82 (48%) NS (p=.08) 181 (54%)
 Female 23 (42%) 42 (39%) 88 (52%) 153 (46%)

Pre-Admission Living (N [%])
 Home Independent 44 (83%) 88 (83%) 132 (78%) NS (p=.54) 264 (81%)
 Home; Informal Assistance 6 (11%) 17 (16%) 29 (17%) 52 (16%)
 Home; Agency Assistance 3 (6%) 1 (1%) 7 (4%) 11 (3%)

Pre-Admission Employment
 Employed 25 (46%) 46 (42%) 42 (24%) p=.009 113 (34%)
 Unemployed 3 (5%) 3 (3%) 17 (10%) 23 (7%)
 Disabled 1 (2%) 4 (4%) 7 (4%) 12 (3%)
 Retired 26 (47%) 55 (51%) 106 (62%) 187 (56%)

Notes. Values are Mean ± Standard Deviation, unless otherwise noted.